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Tribulus terrestris L.

Summary
It is commonly known as Gokhuru and is an annual plant that belongs to the Zygophyllaceae family. Leaves are cooked as vegetable. Flavonoids like- Kaempferol, Kaempferol-3-glucoside, Kaempferol-3-rutinoside and Steroidal saponins like- Protodioscin, Prototribestin, Dioscin are present as bioactive compounds in this plant. A dose dependent inhibition of rat paw volume by methanolic extract of T. terrestris in Carrageenan induced inflammation in rats was observed, which is comparable with standard drug, Diclofenac sodium.

Mode of Consumption : Sauteed and fried
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Tribulus terrestris L.
Family: Zygophyllaceae R.Br.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Zygophyllales
Genus: Tribulus L.
Fruiting Season: June-September
Parts: Leaves
  • The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The North-Eastern Hill Region
  • The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Western Rajasthan Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region
  • The Western Coastal Region
  • The Gujarat Region
  • The Satluj-Yamuna Plain Region
  • North-Western Mountain Region
  • The South-Eastern Plateau Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Western Coastal Region
  • The Aravali-Malwa Upland
  • The Maharashtra Plateau Region & The Western Coastal Region
  • The South-Eastern Plateau Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Western Rajasthan Region & The Aravali-Malwa Upland
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region & The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Lower Ganga Plain Region
 Andhra Pradesh : Palleru Kayalu
Bihar : Gokharu
Delhi : Gokharu
Haryana : Gokharu
Jharkhand : Gokharu
Karnataka : Neggalu
Madhya Pradesh : Gokharu
Maharashtra : Kante gokaru
Rajasthan : Gokharu
Tamil Nadu : Nerinci
Uttar Pradesh : Gokharu
Uttarakhand : Gokharu
West Bengal : Gokuri

Plant
Compound/Extract Activity Mode of Action Marker/References
ExtractImmunomodulatoryThe dose of 0.5/mL µl of Tribulus terrestris extract (TTE) induced (P<0.05) the lymphocyte transformation in PBMCs cultured in vitro compared to that in control and 1/mL µl of TTE treated cells. These results augment the immunomodulatory effect of TTE on cell-mediated immunity where lymphocytes play a pivotal role. [1]
Methanolic extractAnti-inflammatoryA dose dependent inhibition of rat paw volume by methanolic extract of T. terrestris in Carrageenan induced inflammation in rats was observed, which is comparable with standard drug, diclofenac sodium. [2]
Methanolic extractImunomodulatory, Antidiabetic, AnticancerMethanolic plant extract of T. terrestris significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic and inflammatory genes like inflammatory markers TNF-α, MMP-9, Bcl-2, and AFP in HepG-2 cells in the liver cancer cell line. Methanolic plant extract of T. terrestris diminished the expression of tumor-mediated genes in a dose-dependent manner, particularly at a concentration of 20 μg/ml.TNF-α, MMP-9, Bcl-2, and AFP[3]
SaponinImmunostimulatoryThe saponins obtained from T. terrestris enhance the phagocytic efficacy of the PMN cells by causing more engulfment of the yeast cells, thereby stimulating a nonspecific immune response. [4]
ExtractImmunomodulatoryT. terrestris showed significant dose dependent increase in the ‘humoral antibody titre and DTH response’ as indicated by increase in footpad thickness. Additionally, it showed significant increase in the ‘phagocytic index’ in Wister rats. Hence, the investigation revealed that T. terrestris has immunomodulatory activity. [5]
Major Class Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight)
Effect Observation DOI
Disease Formulation Reference Author TKDL
HerniaBhedinivatiBharata Bhaishajya Ratnakara - Vol.-IIICompiled by Naginadasa Chaganalala Shah, Translated by Gopinath GuptaAyurveda
Kaphaja, Ascites, Abdomen, Pain, Chest, PainGokshurakwathSharangadhara SamhitaTranslated by Smt. Shailaja SrivastavaAyurveda
Nocturnal emission, Headache, Herpes corneae, Scorpion sting poisoning, Spider bite, Erysipelas, Urinary Incontinence, Spermatorrhoea, Delerium, Pain, of Mammary gland/s, Dry cough, Jaundice, and Insomnia.HaritkyadikwathSharangadhara SamhitaTranslated by Smt. Shailaja SrivastavaAyurveda
Insomnia, Meningitis, and Severe, HeadacheKallurvanchadikshayaSahastrayogaTranslated by D.V. PanditaraoAyurveda
HerniaMushalyadichurnamBharata Bhaishajya Ratnakara - Vol. - IVCompiled by Naginadasa Chaganalala Shah, Translated by Gopinath GuptaAyurveda
Indigestion, Ascites, Enlargement of spleen, Pain in Chest, TenesmusPachmulipayahBhaishajya RatnavaliEdited by Rajeshvaradutta Shastri, Translated by AmbikaduttashastriAyurveda
Oedema/Inflammation, Diseases of abdomen, Anaemia/Hyperbilirubinaemia, Jaundice, Chronic obstructive jaundice/Chlorosis, Piles/Ano rectal mass/Haemorrhoids, Perineal fistulas/Fistula-in-ano, Leprosy and other dermatoses, Pyrexia, and Abdominal lumpPanchamulishritapayahSharangadhara SamhitaTranslated by Smt. Shailaja SrivastavaAyurveda
Resolvent, Dilator, Demulscent, Cleanser, Haemostyptic, and Constipative RasnadikvathaSharangadhara SamhitaTranslated by Smt. Shailaja SrivastavaAyurveda
SpermatorrhoeaTrikantakadishrutapayahSharangadhara SamhitaTranslated by Smt. Shailaja SrivastavaAyurveda
Hypnotic/SoporificVanshtradichurnamBharata Bhaishajya Ratnakara - Vol. - VCompiled by Naginadasa Chaganalala Shah, Translated by Gopinath GuptaAyurveda
Syncope/Fainting, Delirium, PyrexiaDasamoola KudineerTherayar Kudineer.TherayarSiddha
Vataja, Hernia.Veekkathirku KudineerTherayar Kudineer.TherayarSiddha
Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Vata-pittaja, Vata-kaphaja, Pitta-kaphaja, Sannipataja / Tridosaja, Exogenous, Pyrexia, Malaria / Intermittent fever, Pyrexia, due to Infection due to contaminated water, Fever with predominance of Ama, and All types, Pyrexia, Dyspepsia/Loss of appetite, Liver, Disease, Diseases of spleen, Anaemia / Hyperbilirubinaemia, Anorexia, Diseases of abdomen, Hernia, Haemorrhagic diseases, Skin / Hide, Disease, Oedema / Inflammation, Headache, Diseases of nervous system, PainBanadiq-ul-buzoorQuaraabaadeen Najm-al-GhaniMohd. Najmul Ghani KhanUnani
Information from Wealth of India Reference
  • The leaves and tender shoots are used by the poor people as a pot herb, either alone or mixed with other herbs.
  • The leaves are said to possess stomachic properties. A paste prepared from them is given for the treatment of stones in the bladder.
CSIR(1976).The Wealth of India, Raw materials,Vol.- X,P.283-284, New Delhi, India
4.2, 4.2.1, 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.3, 4.2.2.8, 4.2, 4.2.1, 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.3, 4.2.2.8
    CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
    CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India