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Portulaca oleracea L.

Summary
It is commonly known as Nonia and belongs to the Portulacaceae family. It is a leafy vegetable, also consumed with tender shoots and whole herb. Portulacanones A to D, Portulene, Portuloside A and B, Rosmarinic acid are some of the notable bioactive compounds found in it. The ethanol extract of Portulaca oleracea improved skin barrier function, decreases skin inflammation and also relieved restrain stimulation caused by common sensitization source.

Mode of Consumption : Fried and cooked
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Portulaca oleracea L.
Family: Portulacaceae Juss.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Caryophyllales
Genus: Portulaca L.
Fruiting Season: July-September
Parts: Leaves and stem
  • The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The North-Eastern Hill Region
  • The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region
  • The Satluj-Yamuna Plain Region
  • The South-Eastern Plateau Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Western Coastal Region
  • North-Western Mountain Region
  • The Western Coastal Region
  • The Aravali-Malwa Upland
  • The Maharashtra Plateau Region & The Western Coastal Region
  • The South-Eastern Plateau Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Western Rajasthan Region & The Aravali-Malwa Upland
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region & The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Lower Ganga Plain Region
 Andhra Pradesh : Payalaku, Pappu koora, Pedda payili-kura, Ganga pavili-kura
Assam : Hah thengia, Khutura, Malbhog khutura, Malbhog-sak, Malbhog xak, Noniya, Nunia-sak, Baraloniya
Bihar : Rudravanti, Khursa, Nonia, Khulpha, Baralaniya, Lunia
Delhi : Rudravanti, Khursa, Nonia, Khulpha, Baralaniya, Lunia
Haryana : Rudravanti, Khursa, Nonia, Khulpha, Baralaniya, Lunia
Himachal Pradesh : Kulfa
Jammu & Kashmir : Nuner
Jharkhand : Rudravanti, Khursa, Nonia, Khulpha, Baralaniya, Lunia
Karnataka : Dudagorai, Goni soppu
Kerala : Kozhuppa, Uppucheera, Cheriyagolicheera, Karicheera, Kozhuppa, Kozhuppacheera, Manalcheera, Suvandacheera, Uppucheera
Madhya Pradesh : Rudravanti, Khursa, Nonia, Khulpha, Baralaniya, Lunia
Maharashtra : Bhuigoli, Mhotighol, Kurfah
Manipur : Leibak kundo
Mizoram : Hlo-thau
Odisha : Dahna, Bada balbaluva, Parunigag
Punjab : Salunak
Rajasthan : Rudravanti, Khursa, Nonia, Khulpha, Baralaniya, Lunia
Tamil Nadu : Paruppu keerai, Parupukkirai, Vazhukkaikeerai, Karikeerai, Pulikeerai
Tripura : Baraloniya
Uttar Pradesh : Rudravanti, Khursa, Nonia, Khulpha, Baralaniya, Lunia
Uttarakhand : Rudravanti, Khursa, Nonia, Khulpha, Baralaniya, Lunia
West Bengal : Nunia Sag

Plant


Leaf and stem
Compound/Extract Activity Mode of Action Marker/References
ExtractImmunomodulatoryIts extract inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL6, and 1L-1β) production in mice with DSS-induced colitis.TNF-α, IL6, and 1L-1β[1]
PolysaccharideAnti-tumorOral administration of polysaccharide showed protection against tumor-induced intestinal DC apoptosis through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.PI3K/AKT[4]
PolysaccharideImmune enhancingPolysaccharide induces DC activition and maturation, causing increase in specific anti-tumor immune response, and the mechanism of action involved in the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB[5]
Aqueous extract of leafAnti-inflammatoryLeaves extract inhibits TNF-α activated production of ROS and overexpression of cellular adhesion molecules and suppresses the translocation of NF-κB, p65 to the nucleus, TNF-α-induced NF-κB binding, and the degradation of inhibitor molecule (IκB)α.TNF-α,ROS, NF-κB, p65, NF-Κb and IκB-α[6]
Ethanol extractAnti-allergicEthanol extract enhanced skin barrier function, weakens skin inflammation, relieve or restrain stimulation caused by common sensitization source. [8]
Hydro-ethanolic extractAnti-inflammatoryHydro-ethanolic extracts (10, 40 and 160 μg/ml) signifcantly increased IFN-γ, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio and IL-10/IL-4 ratios in non-stimulated and stimulated human lymphocytes cells.IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10[2] [7]
Leaf extractAnti-inflammatory, AnalgesicLeaf extract inhibits TNF-α activated production of ROS and overexpression of cellular adhesion molecules and suppresses the translocation of NF-κB, p65 to the TNF-α-induced NF-κB binding, and the degradation of inhibitor molecule (IκB)α.ROS, NF-κB, and p65[3]
Purslane-derived polysaccharidesImmunomodulatoryPurslane-derived polysaccharides inhibits red blood cell (RBC) haemolysis, increase spleen size, and help in the proliferation of thymocyte T and B lymphocyte. T and B lymphocyte[9]
Major Class Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight)
Alkaloid(3R)-3,5-bis(3- methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2(1H)-pyridinone: , 1,5-dimethyl-6-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one: , Oleracein E: , Oleracone : [3]
AlkaloidsOleracein A: , Oleracein B: , Oleracein C: , Oleracein D: [3]
Carboxylic AcidChlorogenic acid: , Ferulic acid: [12]
CarotenoidLutein: 5.4, β- Carotene: 2.1-3 mg/100g, β-carotene : 3.5[12]
Fatty acidDocosahexaenoic acid: , Linoleic acid: , Oleic acid: , Omega-3 fatty acid: , Palmitic acid: , Palmitoleic acid: , Stearic eicosapentaenoic acid: , α-Linolenic acid: 300-400 mg/100g[3]
FlavanoidKaempferol: , Luteolin: , Myricetin: [12]
FlavonoidApigenin: , Portulacanone A : , Portulacanone B: , Portulacanone C: , Portulacanone D: , Quercetin: [3]
Heterocyclic CompoundGenistein: [12]
PeptideGlutathione: [12]
Phenolic acidCaffeic acid: , p-coumaric acid: , Rosmarinic acid: [12]
TerpenoidPortulene: , Portuloside A : , Portuloside B: [3]
VitaminAscorbic acid: 227 mg/100g (stem) to 399 mg100/g (leaves), Niacin: 0.480 mg/100g, Pyridoxine: 0.073 mg /100 g, Riboflavin: 0.112 mg/100g, α-Tocopherol: 26.6 mg/100g[3]
Effect Observation DOI
In vitro studies Up-regulated abundance of Lactobacillus, Eggerthella, and Paraprevotella and down-regulation of Escherichia_Shigella, Bacteroides, and Eubacterium nodatum groupsDOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.841397
Human clinical studiesImproved bowel motility and reduction in constipationDOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_400_21
Animal model studiesDecrease in Lachnospiraceae group, Blautia, Ruminiclostridium, Dubosiella and increase in Bacteroides, Akkermansia, and Mucisprillum generaDOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101030
Disease Formulation Reference Author TKDL
Treatment of Infiltration, of Bile, on Stomach, and Bilious diarrhoeaJawarish ZarishkQuaraabadeen Azam Wa AkmolMohd. Akmal KhanUnani
EpistaxisKhesanda Barai NakseerQuaraabaadeen Najm-al-GhaniMohd. Najmul Ghani KhanUnani
Scurvy/ScorbutusMazmazah Bara-e- Lisah DaamiyahQuaraabaadeen Azam wa AkmalMohd. Akmal KhanUnani
Insomnia, Meningitis, and Severe, HeadachePaashoyah Bara-e- Suda Wa SaharI'laaj-al-AmraazMohd. Shareef KhanUnani
Hypnotic/SoporificQurs Munawwim BaaridI'laaj-al-AmraazMohd. Shareef KhanUnani
Diabetes Mellitus, PolyuriaQurs ZiabetusBayaaz-e-Kabir, Vol. IIKabiruddinUnani
HaemoptysisSafoof Haabis-e- DamQuaraabaadeen Azam wa AkmalMohd. Akmal KhanUnani
Dysentery/Gastroenterocolitis, Dysenteric diarrhoea/Haemorrhagic diarrhoeaSafoof TeenQuaraabaadeen Najm-al-GhaniMohd. Najmul Ghani KhanUnani
Headache, Simple InflammationUsaara-e-khurfaKaamil-al-Senaa'h, Part IAli Ibn Abbas MajoosiUnani
Treatment of Stomatitis, due to some BloodZaroor QulaaQuaraabaadeen Azam wa AkmalMohd. Akmal KhanUnani
Burning micturition(Hurqat-al-Baul),Gonorrhoea (Suzaak),Urethral Ulcer(Qurooh-e- Majraa-e- Qazeeb),Vesical Irritability(Jarab-e-Masaanah),Anuria / Suppression of urine(Ihtibaas-e-Baul),Renal ulcers(Qurooh-e-Kulyah)Banadiq-ul-buzoorQaraabaadeen Najm-al-GhaniMohammad Najmul Ghani Khan, Munshi Nawal Kishore, Lucknow, (Second Edition) 1928Unani
Epistaxis(Rua'af/ Nakseer)Khesanda Barai NakseerQaraabaadeen Najm-al-GhaniMohammad Najmul Ghani Khan, Munshi Nawal Kishore, Lucknow, (Second Edition) 1929Unani
Information from Wealth of India Reference
  • It is considered as a pot herb and consumed as salad and used in soups.
  • Fleshy stems are pickled. They are also dried and peserved for use in times of scarcity.
  • The herb is considered to possess refrigerant, vulnerary, antiscorbutic, aperient and diuretic properties.
  • It is useful in scurvy and in diseases of liver, spleen, kidney and bladder. It is also prescribed in the treatment of cardio-vascular diseases, dysuria, haematuria, gonorrhoea, dysentery, sore nipples and ulcers of the mouth.
  • The juice of the plant is sometimes used in earache and toothache.
 CSIR(1982).The Wealth of India, Raw materials,Vol.-VIII ,P.219-220, New Delhi, India
4.2, 04.2.1, 04.2.1.1, 04.2.1.3, 04.2.2.6, 04.2.2.8
    CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
    CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India