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Plantago major L.

Summary
It is commonly known as Lahuriya and belongs to the Plantaginaceae family. Whole plant particularly leaves are cooked as vegetable. Catechol, Catechin, Luteolin, Ferulic acid are some of the bioactive compounds present in this plant. Aqueous extracts of P. major inhibited the proliferation of various human leukemia, lymphoma and carcinoma cells.

Mode of Consumption : Cooked
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Plantago major L.
Family: Plantaginaceae Juss.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Genus: Plantago L.
Fruiting Season: February to April
Parts: Whole plant
  • The North-Eastern Hill Region
  • The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region
  • The Satluj-Yamuna Plain Region
  • North-Western Mountain Region
  • The South-Eastern Plateau Region
  • The Aravali-Malwa Upland
  • The Western Rajasthan Region & The Aravali-Malwa Upland
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region & The Middle Ganga Plain Region
 Assam : Singa Gach
Bihar : Lahuriya,Luhuriya
Delhi : Lahuriya,Luhuriya
Haryana : Lahuriya,Luhuriya
Jharkhand : Lahuriya,Luhuriya
Madhya Pradesh : Lahuriya,Luhuriya
Manipur : Lamkung
Rajasthan : Lahuriya,Luhuriya
Tamil Nadu : Ishappukol Vitai
Uttar Pradesh : Lahuriya,Luhuriya
Uttarakhand : Lahuriya,Luhuriya

Plant
Compound/Extract Activity Mode of Action Marker/References
Aqueous extract, Flavonoids, monoterpenoids, triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides and phenolic compoundsImmunnomodulatoryAqueous extracts of P. major inhibited the proliferation of various human leukemia, lymphoma and carcinoma cells. The inhibitory effect (IC50) on K562, U937, P3HR1, HL-60 and CCRF-CEM cells was in the range 218 to 308 µg/ml. Hot water extracts of P. major possessed dual effects of immunomodulatory activity on human mononuclear cells proliferation and IFN-γ production. The water-soluble compounds viz. Aucubin, Chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid, p-Coumaric acid and Vanillic acid, enhanced the activity of human lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of IFN-γ. Water insoluble Baicalein and Baicalin showed an enhancement of the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Oleanolic acid and Ursolic acid exhibited a strong stimulation of IFN-γ secretion. Linalool, a monoterpenoid, showed a similar immunomodulatory activity as the triterpenoids.IFN-γ[4]
Endotoxin-free methanol extractImmunoenhancingEndotoxin-free methanol extracts from its leaves, at doses of 50, 100, 250, and 500 µg/mL, were associated with 4.4 ± 1, 6 ± 1, 12 ± 0.4, and 18 ± 0.4-fold increases of nitric oxide (NO) production, and increased TNF-α production (621 ± 31, 721 ± 36, 727 ± 36, and 1056 ± 52 U/mL, respectively) by rat peritoneal macrophages, in the absence of IFN-γ or LPS.[5]
Seed extractHepatoprotectiveExtract of P. major seed, exhibits the hepatoprotective activity by which the levels of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed reduction.[6]
Major Class Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight)
Carboxylic AcidFerulic acid : 32.439 mg/100 g (leaves), 48.584 mg/100 g (seeds), Gallic acid: 4.8096 mg/100 g (leaves), 0.686 mg/100 g (seeds), Vanillic acid: 2.478 mg/100 g (leaves), 1.365 mg/100 g (seeds)[1]
Fatty acidLinoleic acid: , Linolenic acid: , Myristic acid: , Oleic acid: , Palmitic acid: , Stearic acid: [3]
FlavonoidApigenin: , Baicalein: , Catechin : 15.924 mg/100 g (leaves), 3.684 mg/100 g (seeds), Chrisin: 0.0224 mg/100 g (leaves), 0.013 mg/100 g (seeds), Hispidulin: , Homoplantaginin: , Kaempferol: 0.825 mg/100 g (leaves), 0.347 mg/100 g (seeds), Luteolin : 10.079 mg/100 g (leaves), 7.107 mg/100 g (seeds), Luteolin-7-O-beta-glucoside: , Naringenin: 0.086 mg/100 g (leaves), 0.892 mg/100 g (seeds), Nepetin: , Plantaginin: , Quercetin: 2.089 mg/100 g (leaves), 1.563 mg/100 g (seeds), Rutin : 4.323 mg/100 g (leaves), 4.071 mg/100 g (seeds), Scutellarein: [3]
Heterocyclic CompoundEllagic acid: 132.11 mg/100 g (leaves)[1]
PhenolCatechol : 0.241 mg/100 g (leaves), 2.356 mg/100 g (seeds), Coumarin: 2.347 mg/100 g (leaves), 0.4387 mg/100 g (seeds)[1]
Phenolic acidCaffeic acid: 8.164 mg/100 g (leaves), 9.832 mg/100 g (seeds)[1]
Phenolic compoundColchicine: 25.026 mg/100 g (leaves), 1.828 mg/100 g (seeds), Syrengic: 4.158 mg/100 g (leaves), 3.074 mg/100 g (seeds)[1]
Polysaccharide Glucomannan: , Plantaglucide: [3]
QuercetinHypersoide: 0.992 mg/100 g (leaves)[1]
TerpenoidUrsolic acid: [2]
TriterpenoidOleanolic acid: [2]
Effect Observation DOI
Disease Formulation Reference Author TKDL
Information from Wealth of India Reference
  • The plant is haemostatic and helpful in wound healing in burns and inflammation of tissues.
  • In homeopathic medicine, it is used in disorders of epidermis, headache, earache, and toothache.
  • The leaves are considered cooling, alternative medicine, febrifuge, diuretic, astringent and vulnerary. An infusion of leaves is useful in diarrhoea and piles.
 CSIR(1982).The Wealth of India, Raw materials,Vol.-VIII ,P.147-148, New Delhi, India
4.2, 4.2.1, 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.3, 4.2.2.8, 4.2, 4.2.1, 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.3, 4.2.2.8
    CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
    CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India