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Manihot esculenta Crantz

Summary
It is commonly known as Cassava. It belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. Its tuber and tender leaves are consumed in the form of vegetable. Oleic acid, Oxalic acid, Gallic acid, Glutamic acid, Kaempferol, Lauric acid are some of its bioactive compounds. Leaf extract of cassava inhibited proinflammatory markers such as IL-6, TNF-α , MCP-1, PGE-2, NO in stimulated macrophages in dose dependent manner. Moreover, leaf flavonoid extract gel of cassava worked as anti-inflammatory agent and reduced expresions of TNF-α in periodontitis rat models.

Mode of Consumption : Fried and cooked
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Manihot esculenta Crantz
Family: Euphorbiaceae Juss.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malpighiales
Genus: Manihot Mill.
Fruiting Season: November-March
Parts: Tuber, Tender leaves
  • The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The North-Eastern Hill Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Western Coastal Region
  • The Western Coastal Region
  • The Maharashtra Plateau Region & The Western Coastal Region
  • The South-Eastern Plateau Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
 Andhra Pradesh : Karrapendalamu
Assam : Ruipharkong
Karnataka : Kanagala, Mara genasu, Baragaalada gedde
Kerala : Kollikkilannu, Maraccini, Marakkilannu
Maharashtra : Prochugaali chine, Pavde-pharin
Manipur : Umangra
Mizoram : Pangbal
Nagaland : Seirophei
Odisha : Kaato konda
Tamil Nadu : Maravallikkilanku, Allvalli kizhangu

Harvested roots


Roots
Compound/Extract Activity Mode of Action Marker/References
Leaf flavonoid gelAnti-inflammatoryCassava leaf flavonoid gel worked as anti-inflammatory agent and reduced TNF-α expressions in periodontitis rat models.TNF-α[1]
Leaf extractAntioxidant, ImmunomodulatoryCassava leaf extract inhibited proinflammatory markers, IL-6, TNF-α , MCP-1, PGE-2, NO in stimulated macrophages in dose dependent manner.IL-6, TNF-α , MCP-1, PGE-2, and NO[2]
Leaf extractHepatoprotectiveTreatment with Cassava leaf extracts containing flavonoids significantly ameliorated necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization and injury in CCl4-induced mice. [3]
Crude extractAnticancerCrude extract inhibited the cell growth in ovarian and cervical cancer cell lines. [4]
Major Class Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight)
Amino AcidAlanine: , Arginine: , Aspartic acid: , Cystine: , Glutamic acid: , Glycine: , Histidine: , Isoleucine: , Leucine: , Lysine: , Methionine: , Phenylalanine: , Serine: , Threonine: , Tryptophan: , Tyrosine: , Valine: [5]
Carboxylic AcidGallic acid: , Hydroxybenzoic acid: , Oxalic acid: , Syringic acid: [2]
CarotenoidLutein: , β-Carotene: [5]
Fatty acidLauric acid: , Linoleic acid: , Linolenic acid: , Oleic acid: , Palmitic acid: , Stearic acid: [5]
Flavonoid Apigenin: , Kaempferol: , Rutin: [2]
NitrilesLinamarin: [4]
VitaminAscorbic acid (Leaf/Root): , Dehyroascorbic acid: , Niacin (Leaf/Root): , Riboflavin (Leaf/Root): , Thiamin (Leaf/Root): [5]
Effect Observation DOI
Disease Formulation Reference Author TKDL
Information from Wealth of India Reference
  • The rhizomes are cooked and eaten.
CSIR(1962).The Wealth of India, Raw materials,Vol.-VI ,P.286-297, New Delhi, India
4.2, 4.2.1, 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.2, 4.2.1.3, 4.2.2, 4.2.2.1, 4.2.2.8
  • Fruits like banana and mango as well as beans, resins, grains and jaggery should not be consumed in conjunction with cassava.
CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India