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Euryale ferox Salisb.

Summary
It is commonly known as Makhana and belongs to the Nymphaeaceae family. Leaf petiole and tender fruits are consumed as vegetable. 5,7,4-trihydroxyflavanone, Buddlenol E and 5,7-dihydroxy2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-chroman-4-one are the phenolic compounds present as its bioactive markers. Ethyl acetate fraction of E. ferox in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 inhibited the production of NO, PGE2 and reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 .

Mode of Consumption : Cooked, boiled, seeds roasted
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Euryale ferox Salisb.
Family: Nymphaeaceae Salisb.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Nymphaeales
Genus: Euryale Salisb.
Fruiting Season: June to October
Parts: Leaf petiole, Tender fruits
  • The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The North-Eastern Hill Region
  • The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region
  • The Satluj-Yamuna Plain Region
  • The South-Eastern Plateau Region
  • North-Western Mountain Region
  • The Aravali-Malwa Upland
  • The South-Eastern Plateau Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Western Rajasthan Region & The Aravali-Malwa Upland
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region & The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Lower Ganga Plain Region
 Andhra Pradesh : Mellunipadmanu
Assam : Makhana, Makhanda, Makhna, Nikharu, Nikori, Nikori utpal
Bihar : Makhana
Delhi : Makhana
Haryana : Makhana
Jammu & Kashmir : Makhana
Jharkhand : Makhana
Madhya Pradesh : Makhana
Manipur : Thangjing
Odisha : Kanta padma
Rajasthan : Makhana
Tamil Nadu : Karuntamarai, Mallani-padman 
Telangana : Mellunipadmanu, Makhana
Uttar Pradesh : Makhana
Uttarakhand : Makhana
West Bengal : Makhana

Plant


Roasted seeds
Compound/Extract Activity Mode of Action Marker/References
Ethyl acetate fractionAnti-inflammatoryEthyl acetate fraction inhibited the production of NO, PGE2 and reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7.NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6[1]
Major Class Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight)
Carboxylic AcidGallic acid : [2]
Organosulphur compoundAlliin: [2]
Phenolic compound5,7,4-trihydroxyflavanone: , 5,7-dihydroxy2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-chrom an-4-one: , Buddlenol E: [2]
PhenolsResveratrol: [2]
Effect Observation DOI
Disease Formulation Reference Author TKDL
Retentive and AphrodisiacJawarish -e-muqawwi-e-bahQuaraabaadeen Najm-al-GhaniMohd. Nazmul Ghani KhanUnani
SpermatorrhoeaSafoof JiryaanQuaraabaadeen Najm-al-GhaniMohd. Nazmul Ghani KhanUnani
Semen Inspissant and RetentiveSafoof MughallizQuaraabaadeen Najm-al-GhaniMohd. Nazmul Ghani KhanUnani
Information from Wealth of India Reference
  • The seeds are eaten raw and roasted.
  • The seeds are tonic, astringement and deobstruent.
CSIR(1952).The Wealth of India, Raw materials,Vol.-III ,P.232, New Delhi, India
4.2, 04.2.1, 04.2.1.1, 04.2.1.3, 04.2.2.5, 04.2.2.6, 04.2.2.8
    CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
    CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India