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Cucumis sativus L.

Summary
Cucumber is fruit vegetable belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. It is a good source of Cucurbitacin, plant pigments and tannins such as Cucurbitacin-C, Chlorophyll b, β-carotene and Lutein. Cucumber extract and powder shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by promoting cell growth arrest, apoptosis and cell migration inhibition via suppression of Akt phosphorylation followed by modulation of p21/cyclin signals and mitochondria dominated capsase pathways, increase plasma GSH-Px activity, RBCs more resistant to the attack by ROS and maintaining constant TNF-α levels, increases IL-10 and Th-1 cytokine IL-12p70 levels.

Mode of Consumption : Fresh in salad, fried and boiled
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Cucumis sativus L.
Family: Cucurbitaceae Juss.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Cucurbitales
Genus: Cucumis L.
Fruiting Season: All round the year
Parts: Fruit
  • The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The North-Eastern Hill Region
  • The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • North-Western Mountain Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Western Coastal Region
  • The Western Coastal Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region & The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Lower Ganga Plain Region
 Andhra Pradesh : Dosakaya
Assam : Tiyah
Bihar : Khira
Himachal Pradesh : Khira
Karnataka : Sautekai
Kerala : Vellarika
Tamil Nadu : Vellarikkai
Uttar Pradesh : Khira
West Bengal : Sosa

Fruit
Compound/Extract Activity Mode of Action Marker/References
Cucurbitacin C isolated from cucumberAnti-tumor /AnticancerCucurbitacin C isolated from cucumber promotes cell growth arrest, apoptosis and cell migration inhibition via supression of Akt phosphorylation followed by modulation of p21/cyclin signals and mitochondria dominated capsase pathways.Akt phosphorylation, p21/cyclin,capsase[5]
Freeze dried cucumber powderAntioxidantFreeze dried cucumber powder significantly increase plasma GSH-Px activity, declined hemolysis exhibiting the membranes of blood red cells were more resistant to the attack by ROS.GSH, ROS[6]
Cucumber extract (Q-actin) Anti-inflammatoryCucumber extract (Q-actin) maintains constant TNF-α levels, increases IL-10 and Th-1 cytokine IL-12p70 levels (which helps in preventing infections).TNF-α, IL-10, Th-1 cytokine IL-12p70[7]
Major Class Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight)
CarotenoidLutein+zeaxanthin: 0.02, β-carotene : 0.03[1]
CucurbitacinCucurbitacin-C : 0.2-0.35mg/100g FW[4]
PigmentChlorophyll B: 60.45mg/100g FW[2]
TanninsTotal Tannins: 6.3mg/100g FW[2]
Effect Observation DOI
Disease Formulation Reference Author TKDL
Burning micturition(Hurqat-al-Baul),Gonorrhoea (Suzaak),Urethral Ulcer(Qurooh-e- Majraa-e- Qazeeb),Vesical Irritability(Jarab-e-Masaanah),Anuria / Suppression of urine(Ihtibaas-e-Baul),Renal ulcers(Qurooh-e-Kulyah)Banadiq-ul-buzoorQuaraabaadeen Najm-al-GhaniMohammad Najmul Ghani Khan, Munshi Nawal Kishore, Lucknow, (Second Edition) 1929Unani
Tuberculosis(Tadarrun),Dry cough(Su'aal-e-Yaabis)Laooq BadamQuaraabaadeen Najm-al-GhaniMohammad Najmul Ghani Khan, Munshi Nawal Kishore, Lucknow, (Second Edition) 1928Unani
Weakness of heart(Zo'f-e-qalb),Palpitation(Khafaqaan),Hectic fever (Humma-e-Diqq),Melanic fever(Humma-e-Saudavi)Mufarreh Shaikh-ur-raees Bayaaz-e- Kabir,Vol. IIMohammad Kabiruddin, Daftar-al- Maseeh, Karol Bagh, New Delhi, 1938Unani
Information from Wealth of India Reference
4.2, 04.2.1, 04.2.1.1, 04.2.1.3, 04.2.2.3, 04.2.2.5, 04.2.2.6, 04.2.2.8
    CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
    CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India