Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt
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It is commonly known as Kunduru and belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. It contains the bioactive compounds like Cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. The leaf extract of C. grandis (Cg-Ex) is rich in serine protein and has immunomodulatory property against Leishmania donovani, intracellular parasite. It also exhibited significant anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-phagocytic, anti-apoptotic and anti-migratory properties. Mode of Consumption : Fried and cooked |
| Plant Details | Agro-climatic Zone | Vernacular Names | Pictures |
| Scientific Name: Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Family: Cucurbitaceae Juss. Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Violales Genus: Coccinia Wight & Arn. Fruiting Season: March to August Parts: Fruit, Leaves |
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Andhra Pradesh : Dondakaya Assam : Belipoka, Kundu, Tainasi Karnataka : Tomdekayi Maharashtra : Tondi |
 Fruit  Fruit bearing plant |
| Compound/Extract | Activity | Mode of Action | Marker/References |
| Leaf extract | Immunomodulatory | The increased production of Th1 cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α) with a concurrent decrease of Th2 cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) was found in the leaf extract treated infected host macrophages. The serine protease inhibitor(s)-rich leaf extract exhibited antileishmanial activity in vitro which was mediated through the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. | IL-12, TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β[1] |
| Crude extract | Anti-inflammatory, Anti-apoptotic | Treatment of the cells with the extract significantly downregulated the expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, CCL2, CCL22, CXCL10/IP-10, CX3CL1 and CXCL8/IL-8), proteins (ERK5, BAX, BCL2, Cyclin D, ERK1, NF-κB, P-IκBα,P- NF-κB and P-p38) and molecular signaling pathways (NF-κB, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling cascades). | IL-6, IL-1β, CCL2, CCL22, CXCL10/IP-10, CX3CL1, CXCL8/IL-8, ERK5, BAX, BCL2, Cyclin D, ERK1, NF-κB, P-IκBα,P- NF-κB P-p38, NF-κB, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, IL-6/JAK/STAT3 [2] |
| Leaf extract | Immunomodulatory | Its extract induced production of IgG2a due to the up-regulation of IFN-γ. The extract activated both cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity to clear the parasitic burden from infected mice | IgG2a, IFN-γ[3] |
| Ethanol extract of leaf | Anti-inflammatory | Ethanol extract of leaves signifcantly ameliorated HM-induced hyperlipidemia, increased lipogenesis and metabolic disturbances (via up regulation of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ), oxidative stress (via reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species and regulating the redox-homeostasis) and inflammatory response (via regulating the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors with concomitant down regulation of NF-κB, iNOS, TNF-α and up regulation of eNOS). | PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, NF-κB, iNOS, TNF-α, eNOS[4] |
| Major Class | Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight) |
| Carotenoid | β- Carotene: [7] |
| Terpene | Cryptoxanthin: [7] |
| Effect | Observation | DOI |
| Disease | Formulation | Reference | Author | TKDL |
| Abscess | Varunadegan | Sharangadhara Samhita | Translated by Smt. Shailaja Srivastava | Ayurveda |
| Bronchial asthma, Cough / Bronchitis, Tubercular cough / Cough due to weakness or emaciation, Gastric ulcer/Acute gastritis, with Vomiting / Emesis, Colic, Paralysis agitans / Tremors, Epilepsy, Pyrexia, Jaundice | Vaatha Ratchadan | Matchamuni perunool -800.CCRAS Publications. Chennai.(1985). | Matchamuni | Siddha |
| Information from Wealth of India | Reference |
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CSIR(1950).The Wealth of India, Raw materials,Vol.- II,P.257, New Delhi, India |
| 4.2, 04.2.1, 04.2.1.1, 04.2.1.3, 04.2.2.3, 04.2.2.5, 04.2.2.6, 04.2.2.8 |
| CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India |