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Chenopodium album L.

Summary
Commonly known as Bathua saag, is a winter leafy vegetable where tender shoots are consumed. It belongs to the family Amaranthaceae. It is highly rich in fibre and has a number of important bioactive markers like - kaempferol-3-O-(4-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-α-Lrhamnopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamno-pyranoside, Quercetin 3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, β-carotene, Lutein, Rutin etc. The C. album extract increased IFN-γ, IL-10 and decreased the total serum IgE productions in a murine asthma model.

Mode of Consumption : Fried, cooked
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Chenopodium album L.
Family: Amaranthaceae Juss.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Caryophyllales
Genus: Chenopodium L.
Fruiting Season: October to March
Parts: Whole plant
  • The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The North-Eastern Hill Region
  • The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Western Coastal Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region & The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Lower Ganga Plain Region
 Andhra Pradesh : Pappukura
Arunachal Pradesh : Machiosak, Jilimili, Blamon
Assam : Dauthulai, Jhilmil sak, Buthua
Bihar : Bathua sag
Kerala : Katuayamoddakam
Tamil Nadu : Parupukkirai
Uttar Pradesh : Bathua sag
West Bengal : Chandan betu

Leafy plant
Compound/Extract Activity Mode of Action Marker/References
Acetone extractAntirheumaticAcetone extract inhibited NF-κB protein in rats.NF-κB[2]
C. album + Dioscorea japonica extractAntioxidant, Anti-inflammatoryMouse spleen cells treated with 1 mg/mL samples of D. japonica and C. album decreased IL-6 production by 27.17%, 72.30% and TNF-α production by 61.97% and 77.85% respectively.IL-6 and TNF-α [4]
Dichloromethane fractionAntioxidant, Anti-inflammatory21 days of treatment at the dose of 200 mg/kg per with the extract induced a significant reduction in rat paw edema (80.13%) and it was also proved that the antirheumatic activity was linked to the inhibition of NF-κB protein.NF-κB[7]
CpG oligodeoxynucleotidesAnti-inflammatoryThe study showed the therapeutic effects of CpG both on nasal lymphocytes and on splenocytes to produce IFN-γ as a Th1 cytokine and IL-10 as a regulatory cytokine.IFN-γ and IL-10[8]
Crude leaf & stem extractImmunomodulatoryThe extract increased IFN-γ, IL-10 and decreased the total serum IgE productions in a murine asthma model.IFN-γ, IL-10, and IgE[3] [6]
Major Class Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight)
Alkylbenzenep-cymene: [5]
CarotenoidLutein: , β- Carotene: [1]
FlavonoidIsorhamnetin: , kaempferol-3-O-(4-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-α-Lrhamnopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamno-pyranoside: , Quercetin: [1]
Phytosterolβ-sitosterol: [5]
TerpeneLupeol: , α-Pinene: , α-Terpineol: , β-Pinene: [5]
TerpenoidAscaridole: [5]
Trihydroxyflavone (Flavonoids)Quercetin 3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside: [1]
Effect Observation DOI
Disease Formulation Reference Author TKDL
Acute diarrhoeaAtisareapathyamBhaishajya RatnavaliWritten by Govinda Dasa, Edited by Rajeshvaradutta Shastri, Translated by AmbikaduttashastriAyurveda
Treatment of Acute Swelling, Anthrax, Obstructive jaundice, Pustules, due to predominance of Bile, Granular Conjunctivitis, Swelling, of Throat, Ascites, Pruritus, Hepatic obstructionQataf/ BathwaAl-Jaame'-li-Mufradaat-al-Advia-wal-Aghzia,Vol. IVZiya Al- Din Abdullah Ibn Al- BaitarUnani
Information from Wealth of India Reference
  • It contains Carotene 7.1-9.3 mg/100g and vitamin C 66-96 mg/100g.
  • The plant may serve as a field indicator for Magnesium.
 CSIR(1950).The Wealth of India, Raw materials,Vol.-II ,P.127, New Delhi, India
4.2, 04.2.1, 04.2.1.1, 04.2.1.3, 04.2.2.3, 04.2.2.5, 04.2.2.8
    CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
    CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India