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Carica papaya L.

Summary
It is commonly known as Papita and belongs to the family Caricaceae. Being a rich source of antioxidants, vitamin A, C and E, it is good for stomach health like constipation and irregular bowel movement. Papita contains Papain, a digestive enzyme with anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, C. papaya water extract upregulates interleukin-12 subunit p40 (IL-12p40), interleukin-12 subunit p70 (IL-12p70), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and TNF-α, but inhibits IL-2 and IL-4 to enhance survival of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Mode of Consumption : Salad, Cooked and Boiled
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Carica papaya L.
Family: Caricaceae Dumort.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Brassicales
Genus: Carica L.
Fruiting Season: August to November
Parts: Fruit
  • The North-Eastern Hill Region
  • The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Western Coastal Region
  • The Maharashtra Plateau Region & The Western Coastal Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region & The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Lower Ganga Plain Region
 Arunachal Pradesh : Mak saan phow, Amita, Omri
Assam : Amita
Bihar : Papita
Karnataka : Pappaaya, Pappaayi, Parangi
Maharashtra : Pappayi, Popay
Manipur : Awathabi
Mizoram : Thing-fanghma
Tamil Nadu : Pappali
Uttar Pradesh : Papita
West Bengal : Papeya

Fruit


Sliced papaya


Plant bearing fruits
Compound/Extract Activity Mode of Action Marker/References
Leaf extractAnti-inflammatoryPapaya leaf extract increased nitric oxide production (NO), costimulatory receptor (CD80), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-12p40, IL-6, IL-12p70, IFN-γ. Further it also modulated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-8, and chemokine CCL7, CCL2, CCL8.NO, CD80, TNF-α, IL-12p40, IL-6, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-8, CCL7, CCL2, CCL8[1]
Aqueous extractImmunomodulatoryAqueous extract upregulated interleukin-12 subunit p40 (IL-12p40), interleukin-12 subunit p70 (IL-12p70), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and TNF-α, but inhibited IL-2 and IL-4 to enhance survival of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-4[2]
Leaf extractAnti-inflammatoryLeaf extract possesses anti-inflammatory effect in mouse model of allergic airway inflammation by down-regulating IL-4, IL-5, eotaxin, TNF-α, NF-κB, and iNOS expression levels.IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, NF-κB, and iNOS[3]
LectinImmunomodulatoryPapaya Lectin incubation with Jurkat T cells stimulated IL-2 production.IL-2[4]
Methanolic extract of pulp and seedImmunomodulatoryPulp and seed methanolic extract reduced IgM levels and increased IgG levels, along with downregulation of proinflamatory cytokinins (IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-1β, TGF-β1) in mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes.IgM, IgG, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-1β, and TGF-β1[5]
Freeze-dried leafImmunomodulatoryFreeze-dried Carica papaya leaf modulated the production of inflammatory cytokines CCL6/MRP-1, CCL17/TARC, CCL12/MCP-5, CCL8/MCP-2, IL1RN/IL1Ra, IL1R1, PF4/CXCL4, and NAMPT/PBEF1 in dengue virus-infected mice AG129.CCL6/MRP-1, CCL17/TARC, CCL12/MCP-5, CCL8/MCP-2, IL1RN/IL1Ra, IL1R1, PF4/CXCL4, and NAMPT/PBEF1[6]
Unripe fruitAntioxidant, ImmunostimulatoryUnripe C. papaya fruit markedly enhanced immunoglobulin IgG and IgM levels in an oxidative stress induced rat model.IgM and IgG[9]
Fruit extractAnti-inflammatory, Immunomodulatoryin vivo suppression of IFN-γ+ and in vitro suppression of IL-8, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α and upregulation of IL-4+, T-cells and CD3+, CD4+, CD25+, CD127- T-cells were observed in healthy human subjects.IFN-γ+, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-4+, CD3+, CD4+, CD25+, and CD127-[7] [10]
Major Class Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight)
Carotenoidβ- Carotene: 37.22±0.97 μg/g (Khak-dam cultiver) 48.45±1.40 μg/g (Holland cultiver)[8]
Flavonoid Baicalein: , Catechin: , Fisetin: [11]
Heterocyclic CompoundGenistein: [11]
Ketone1-Hydroxy-2-propanone: [11]
Phenolic acidProtocatechuric acid: [11]
PolyphenolEpigallocatechin: [11]
VitaminVitamin C: 255.90±4.56 μg/g (Holland cultiver)156.60±2.10 μg/g (Khak-dam cultiver)[8]
Effect Observation DOI
Disease Formulation Reference Author TKDL
Information from Wealth of India Reference
  • Unripe fruits are consumed as vegetable.
  • The ripe fruits are stomachic, digestive carminative and diuretic.
  • The milky juice of the unripe fruit is anthelmintic, especially effective in expulsion of lumbrici.
  • It is used to remove skin freckles and other blemishes.
  • The green fruits are mildly laxative and diuretic and possesses ecbolic properties.
 CSIR(1950).The Wealth of India, Raw materials,Vol.-II ,P.77-82, New Delhi, India
4.2, 04.2.1, 04.2.1.1, 04.2.1.3, 04.2.2, 04.2.2.3, 04.2.2.5, 04.2.2.6, 04.2.2.8, 12
  • Lemon with payaya can cause anemia and hemoglobin imbalance.
CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India