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Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC.

Summary
It is commonly known as Badi sem and belongs to the Fabaceae family. Unripe pods and seeds are consumed as vegetable in cooked form. Concanavalin A, Canavanine, 4-O-methylgallic acid, and Gallotannin are some of the bioactives reported from this plant. CAEC (Canavalia gladiata Arctium lappa extract complex) enhanced immune function by stimulating NK cell activity through IL-10 expression in adult human (25-75 years old) with a WBC count ranging from 3000 to 8000 cells/µL after 8 weeks of randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Hence, the results anticipated that CAEC can be developed as a functional food for stimulating immunity.

Mode of Consumption : Fried and cooked
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC.
Family: Fabaceae Lindl.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Fabales
Genus: Canavalia DC.
Fruiting Season: April to June
Parts: Pod and seed
  • The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The North-Eastern Hill Region
  • The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Western Rajasthan Region
  • The Western Coastal Region
  • The Gujarat Region
  • The Satluj-Yamuna Plain Region
  • North-Western Mountain Region
  • The South-Eastern Plateau Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Western Coastal Region
  • The Aravali-Malwa Upland
  • The Maharashtra Plateau Region & The Western Coastal Region
  • The South-Eastern Plateau Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Western Rajasthan Region & The Aravali-Malwa Upland
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region & The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region
  • The Lower Ganga Plain Region
 Andhra Pradesh : Yeratamma
Bihar : Bara sem, Lal kadsumbal
Haryana : Bara sem, Lal kadsumbal
Jharkhand : Bara sem, Lal kadsumbal
Karnataka : Shembi avare, Tumbekai
Madhya Pradesh : Bara sem, Lal kadsumbal
Maharashtra : Abai
Manipur : Tebi
Rajasthan : Bara sem, Lal kadsumbal
Tamil Nadu : Segaputhambattai
Uttar Pradesh : Bara sem, Lal kadsumbal
Uttarakhand : Bara sem, Lal kadsumbal
West Bengal : Makhan shim

Pods
Compound/Extract Activity Mode of Action Marker/References
Fermented C. gladiata extractAnti-inflammatoryExtracts of fermented C. gladiata (FCG) improved immune responses in NC/Nga mice (Atopic dermatitis control), including increased levels of IgE and histamine for AD (Atopic control) through attenuation of Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance, and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.IgE[1]
Canavalia gladiata and Arctium lappa extract complexImmunostimulatoryCAEC (Canavalia gladiata and Arctium lappa extract complex) enhanced immune function by stimulating NK cell activity through IL-10 expression in adult human (25-75 years old) with a WBC count ranging from 3000 to 8000 cells/µL after 8 weeks of randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Hence, the results anticipated that CAEC can be developed as a functional food for stimulating immunity.IL-10[2]
Purified lectin ImmunomodulatoryLectin isolated from Canavalia gladiata shows mitogenic activity for mouse splenic cells and significantly strong antiproliferative activity for B16 melanomacells as well as enhances the activity of splenic natural killer (NK) cells against YAC-1 cells. Canavalia gladiata shows an immunomodulatory effect associated with the activation of NK cells and splenic cells. [3]
BeansAnti-inflammatorySword beans attenuates NO, IL-6 and TNF-α production in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in the dose dependent manner. NO, IL-6 and TNF-α[4]
Major Class Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight)
4-O-methylgallic acid: , Canavanine: , Concanavalin A: , Tetragalloyl hexoside: [4]
Alcohol4-Heptanol,3-methyl : [5]
AlkaneHeptane,2,6-dimethyl: , Hexadecane : , Nonadecane: , Tridecane : [5]
Alkene 1-Docosene: , 1-Dodecene: , 1-Hexadecene: , 1-Nonadecene: , 1-Tetradecene: [5]
Aromatic Hydro-carbonBenzene (1,3,3-Trimethylnonyl): , Benzene 1,3,5 Trimethyl: , Benzene1,2,3-trimethyl: [5]
Carboxylic acidOxalic acid,4-chlorophenyl tetradecyl ester: [5]
Ketone3-Hexanone,2,4-dimethyl: [5]
PhenolPhenol,2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl): [5]
Silicon etherSilane,dimethyl [docosyloxy]butoxy: [5]
Sugar1,6-Anhydro-3,4-dideoxy-β-D-mannohexapyranose: [5]
TerpeneBicyclo [2,1,1,]hexane-2-ol,2-ethenyl: [5]
Effect Observation DOI
Disease Formulation Reference Author TKDL
NephritisKhal-ma-zho-shaDud-tsi nying-po yan-lag gyad-pa sang-wa man-ngag gi-gyud zes-ja-wa (Four Tantras) - compiled by Youthok Yontan Gonbo - Published By - T. Sonam Tashigang B.P.O.- sNyimo Leh-Ladakh 1973Buddha ShakamuniSow Rigpa
Information from Wealth of India Reference
  • The young green pods and beans are used as vegetable in India.
  • It contains vitamin A 40 I.U./100g.
 CSIR(1950).The Wealth of India, Raw materials,Vol.-II ,P.56-57, New Delhi, India
4.2, 4.2.1, 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.3, 4.2.2.8, 4.2, 4.2.1, 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.3, 4.2.2.8
    CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
    CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India