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Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck

Summary

Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable belonging to the family Brassicaceae. The flowering head, its stalk and small associated leaves are eaten as a vegetable. Broccolis are a rich source of carotenoids (lutein), flavonoids (kaempferol), phenolic acids (Sinapic acid) and Organosulfur compounds (sulforaphane). It enhances anti-inflammatory properties by reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α,IL-1-β) and iNOS. It helps in reducing cancerous cells by the help of endogenous antioxidant enzymes like Heme oxygenase-1, glutathione and super-oxide dismutase. Mode of Consumption : Sauteed, fried and boiled

Plant Details/ Agro-climatic Zone/ Vernacular Name

Plant Details	Agro-climatic Zone	Vernacular Names	Pictures
Scientific Name: Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck Family: Brassicaceae Burnett Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Capparales Genus: Brassica L. Fruiting Season: October to April Parts: Flowering head	The Eastern Coastal Region The North-Eastern Hill Region The Middle Ganga Plain Region North-Western Mountain Region The Deccan Interior Region & The Western Coastal Region The Western Coastal Region The South-Eastern Plateau Region & The Eastern Coastal Region The Deccan Interior Region & The Eastern Coastal Region The Upper Ganga Plain Region & The Middle Ganga Plain Region The Upper Ganga Plain Region	Andhra Pradesh : Broccoli Assam : Broccoli Bihar : Broccoli Himachal Pradesh : Broccoli Karnataka : Broccoli Kerala : Broccoli Punjab : Broccoli Tamil nadu : Broccoli Uttar Pradesh : Broccoli Uttarakhand : Broccoli	Flowering head

Immunomodulatory Activity

Compound/Extract	Activity	Mode of Action	Marker/References
Broccoli sprouts	Anti-inflammatory	Broccoli sprouts reduces secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α,IL-1-β and iNOS.	IL-6, TNF-α,IL-1-β and iNOS^[1]
Boroccoli powder	Antioxidant	Broccoli powder increases the quantity of endogenous antioxidants like HO1, SOD, GSH.	HO1, SOD, and GSH^[4]

Metabolites

Major Class	Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight)
Carotenoid	Lutein: 1.11 mg/100g, Neoxanthin: 0.51 mg/100g^[2]
Chlorophyll	Chlorophyll a: 73.73 mg/100g^[2]
Flavonoid	Kaempferol : 0.08-8.77 mg/100g, Quercetin : 10.80-27.43 mg/100g^[2]
Glucosinolate	Sulforaphane : 6.04 mg/100g^[2]
Phenolic acid	Iso-chlorogenic acid : 7.78 mg/100g, Sinapic acid: 12.6 mg/100g^[2]

Prebiotic Activity

Effect	Observation	DOI
Animal model studies	Increased count of of Lactobacillusspp.	DOI: 10.1021/jf100296m
Animal model studies	Increased production of SCFAs	DOI: 10.1021/jf100296m
Human clinical studies	Increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and BacteroidsI	DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.015
Human clinical studies	Increase in the count of Bacteroidetes	DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.108191
Human clinical studies	Decrease in the count of Firmicutes	DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.108191

Traditional Knowledge Digital Library(TKDL)

Disease	Formulation	Reference	Author	TKDL

Information compiled from Wealth of India

Information from Wealth of India	Reference

FSSAI Category

4.2, 04.2.1, 04.2.1.1, 04.2.1.3, 04.2.2.3, 04.2.2.5, 04.2.2.6, 04.2.2.8

Forbidden Combination

References

1 . DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.03.006 2 . DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.015 3 . DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100498 4 . DOI:10.1007/s10571-020-00981-5

CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India