Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.
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It is commonly known as Sarson and belongs to the Brassicaceae family. It is consumed as leafy vegetable. It is an excellent source of vitamin K, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, Manganese and Folate. Vanillin, p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, Gallic acid are some of its notable bioactive markers. B. juncea regulatory protein (BJNPR1) inhibits NF-κB activation. Mode of Consumption : Fresh, sauteed, fried and boiled |
| Plant Details | Agro-climatic Zone | Vernacular Names | Pictures |
| Scientific Name: Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Family: Brassicaceae Burnett Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Brassicales Genus: Brassica L. Fruiting Season: November to January Parts: Leaves, seeds |
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Andhra Pradesh : Sarsapamu, Sasuvulu Arunachal Pradesh : Hariuh, Sarioh Assam : Jatilai, Lahi, Lai-sak Bihar : Rai, Sarson Goa : Sassama Gujarat : Rai Jammu & Kashmir : Sorisa, Assue Karnataka : Kempusasive, Saasive, Sarshapa Kerala : Cherukaduku, Kaduku, Sarshapam Maharashtra : Samsvel, Mohari Manipur : Hangam Punjab : Sarson Tamil Nadu : Kadugu Uttar Pradesh : Rai, Sarson |
 Leafy plant |
| Compound/Extract | Activity | Mode of Action | Marker/References |
| BjNPR1 protein | Anti-inflammatory | B. juncea regulatory protein (BJNPR1) inhibited NF-κB activation Human U373 glioblastoma cell line. | NF-κB[2] |
| Ethanolic extract | Anti-inflammatory | The ethanol extract reduced the ear thickness and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of the inflammatory mice, and also down-regulated the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. | TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MPO[3] |
| Oil | Cardioprotective | Treatment with mustard oil showed significant reduction in total cardiac arrhythmias, left ventricular enlargement, and angina pectoris compared with the control group. | [4] |
| Leaves | Antirheumatic | Leaves alleviate adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats via modulating the finest disease targets - IL2RA, IL18 and VEGFA. | IL2RA, IL18, and VEGFA[5] |
| Phenolic, flavonoids | Antioxidative-inflammatory | The properties of the phenolic and flavonoids of mustard, like free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties in addition to their anti-inflammatory effects, are mediated by down regulation of the liver function enzymes, lipid profile, oxidative stress, expression of TNF-α , and IL-6. in both serum and tissue. | IL-6 and TNF-α[7] |
| Aqueous extracts | Wound healing | Aqueous extracts have maximum wound healing properties observed in wound model. | [8] |
| Major Class | Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight) |
| Aldehyde | p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde: , Vanillin: [6] |
| Carboxylic Acid | Caffeic acid: 52.61 ± 2.67 mg/100g, Chlorogenic acid: 134.62 ± 6.17 mg/100g, Ferulic acid: 16.07 ± 1 mg/100g, Gallic acid: , p-coumaric acid: 21.58 ± 2.05 mg/100g, Sinapic acid: 266 mg/100g, Vanillic acid: [6] |
| Carotenoid | β- Carotene: [6] |
| Flavonoid | Catechin: 28.95 ± 1.61 mg/100g, Naringin: 37.34 ± 1.78 mg/100g, Rutin: 11.96 ± 3.03 mg/100g[1] |
| Vitamin | Ascorbic acid: [6] |
| Effect | Observation | DOI |
| Disease | Formulation | Reference | Author | TKDL |
| Eczema | Kukkil Nei | Agathiyar vaithia kaviyam,1500 | Agasthiyar | Siddha |
| Catarrhal / sinusitis | Peenesathirku Thiri | Therayar Sekarappa | Therayar | Siddha |
| Treatment of Pain, in Whole Body, Chest, Back, Knees | Udal Valikku Patru | Therayar Sekarappa | Therayar | Siddha |
| Information from Wealth of India | Reference |
| 02.1.2, 4.2, 04.2.1, 04.2.1.1, 04.2.1.3, 04.2.2, 04.2.2.3, 04.2.2.5, 04.2.2.8, 12.4 |
| CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India |