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Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson

Summary
Elephant Foot Yam is commonly known as Suran or Jimmikand. It belongs to the family Araceae. The tuber is consumed as vegetable. The phytoconstituents present in the tuber are Betulinic acid, β-sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Lupeol, Palmitate, Glucose, Galactose, Rhamnose and Xylose. Tuber extract of A. paeoniifolius induces apoptosis and suppresses migration of breast cancer cells. Treatment with methanolic extract of A. paeoniifolius (250 and 500 mg/kg) and aqueous extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly decreased TNF-α and interleukin (IL-6) levels in Croton oil induced Hemorrhoid rats showing anti-inflammatory activity.

Mode of Consumption : Corm and petioles into curry, leaves into snacks
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson
Family: Araceae Juss.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Alismatales
Genus: Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne.
Fruiting Season: All round the year
Parts: Corm & Tender petioles
  • The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The North-Eastern Hill Region
  • The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • North-Western Mountain Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Western Coastal Region
  • The Western Coastal Region
  • The South-Eastern Plateau Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region & The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Lower Ganga Plain Region
 Andhra Pradesh : Kanda Gadda
Arunachal Pradesh : Khoebi
Assam : Ol-kochu
Bihar : Jimikand
Himachal Pradesh : Jimikand
Karnataka : Suvarna gedde
Kerala : Chena
Manipur : Kolbot
Odisha : Oluo
Tamil Nadu : Kizhangu, Senai kingalu
Uttar Pradesh : Suran, Suranakanda, Jimikanda
West Bengal : Ole

Sliced pieces of tuber


Tuber
Compound/Extract Activity Mode of Action Marker/References
Methanolic extractAnti-inflammatory, AntioxidantTreatment with methanolic extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) and aqueous extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly decreased TNF-α and interleukin (IL-6) levels (p<0.05-p<0.001) compared to hemorrhoid control.TNF-α and IL-6[2]
Tuber extractAnticancerIncrease of pro-apoptotic BAX and inhibition of antiapoptotic BCL-2 indicated induction of apoptosis, release of Cytochrome c from mitochondria and initiation of CASPASE 7 activation pathway.Bcl-2, Caspase-7, and PARP[3]
Methanolic and aqueous extractAnti-inflammatory, AntioxidantMethanolic and aqueous extract exhibited a preventive effect on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats and reduced (p < .001) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum, and also reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and cytokines in colon tissue.ALP, LDH, and MPO[4]
Major Class Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight)
Carboxylic AcidGallic acid: , Methyl jasmonate: [3]
Carotenoidβ- Carotene : 0.18[9]
Fatty acidPalmitate: [2]
Flavonoid Cosmosiin: , Flavonoid: 774.48 -972.73 mg/100g, Kaempferol : 0.26, Rutin: [2]
FlavonolFisetin: , Quercetin: [6]
Glyceride1-Monopalmitin: [3]
Heterotetracyclic compoundDihydrogambogic acid: [3]
OxalateOxalate: 108.6-310.4 mg/100g
Phenolic acidMallic acid : 122, Polyphenol: 81.9-92.4 mg/100g
PhytosterolStigmasterol: , β-sitosterol: [2]
PolysaccharideGlucomannan: [2]
Sphingoid baseC16-Sphinganine: [3]
SugarPhytic acid : 16.23[9]
TerpeneAmblyone: , Betulinic acid: , Lupeol: [2]
VitaminPyridoxine: [3]
Effect Observation DOI
In vitro studies Increase in Bifidobacterium genus, Lactobacillus–Enterococcus group and the Atopobium and also increase in SCFADOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2010.05.001
Disease Formulation Reference Author TKDL
Piles/Haemorrhoids, Sprue/Malabsorption Syndrome, Anaemia/Hyperbilirubinaemia, Anorexia, Worm infestation, Abdominal lump, Stone in Urinary Bladder/Urolithiasis/Urinary Calculus, Urinary disorders/Polyuria, Colic, and Premature grey hair/CanitiesBhallatakalehaVrindamadhavaWritten by Madhava; Marathi translated by Datto vallala BorkarAyurveda
Piles/Haemorrhoids, Anaemia/Hyperbilirubinaemia, Perineal fistulas, Sprue/Malabsorption Syndrome, Emaciation/Cachexia, Colic, Flatulence associated with constipation, Constipation, Abdominal lump, JaundiceBhimasenavatakahBharata Bhaishajya Ratnakara - Vol.-IIICompiled by Naginadasa Chaganalala Shah; Translated by Gopinath GuptaAyurveda
Intellect promoting, Lusture promoting, Strength promoting, Strength promoting, in Ligament, Nerves, Clearing vision, Semenpromoting, useful in the treatment of Cough/Bronchitis, Leprosy, Colic, Disease, GonorrhoeaAbraha ParpamMatchamuni Perunool -800.CCRAS Publications. Chennai.(1985).Matchamuni, CCRAS, New Delhi (Edn. 1st, 1985)Siddha
Information from Wealth of India Reference
  • The corms are used for edible purposes after long washing and prolonged cooking.
  • They are reported to be employed in certain Ayurvedic preparetions recommended for piles and dystentery.
  • It contains vitamin B1, 20 I.U/100g .The yield of starch is less than 4.4%.
  • The tender petioles are also edible.
CSIR(1948).The Wealth of India, Raw materials,Vol.-I ,P.69-70, New Delhi, India
4.2, 4.2.1, 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.2, 4.2.1.3, 4.2.2, 4.2.2.1, 4.2.2.2, 4.2.2.3, 4.2.2.4, 4.2.2.5, 4.2.2.7, 4.2.2.8
  • Calcium oxalate crystals of Elephant foot yam causes anaphylaxis and mucosal injury

CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India