Amaranthus tricolor L.
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Amaranth is a leafy vegetable belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. It is a rich source of chlorophyll and contains significant quantities of carotenoids, polyphenols, specifically 2-caffeoylisocitric acid and betacyanins. It possesses anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6 snd induces apoptosis as well as inhibits cancer cell progression. Mode of Consumption : Sauteed, fried and boiled |
| Plant Details | Agro-climatic Zone | Vernacular Names | Pictures |
| Scientific Name: Amaranthus tricolor L. Family: Amaranthaceae Juss. Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Caryophyllales Genus: Amaranthus L. Fruiting Season: All round the year Parts: Leaves & tender stem |
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Andhra Pradesh : Usirikaya Assam : Morisa xaak Bihar : Chaulai Himachal Pradesh : Chaulai Karnataka : Amaranthas Kerala : Amarantas Tamil Nadu : Amarantus Uttar Pradesh : Chaulai |
 Leaf |
| Compound/Extract | Activity | Mode of Action | Marker/References |
| Caffic acid derived from leaves | Anti-inflammatory | Significant lowering of mRNA and protein levels of inducible NO synthase, TNF-alpha and interleukin 6, by directly decreasing the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor κB/p65. | NO synthase, TNF-α, IL 6 and NF-κB/p65[5] |
| Ethyl ether extract of leaves | Anticancer | Up-regulated expression of caspase-3 and apoptosis | Caspase-3[3] |
| Major Class | Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight) |
| Betalain | Betacyanin: 0.00-0.02, Betaxanthin: 0.00-0.02[7] |
| Carboxylic Acid | Ferulic acid: , Gallic acid: , Syringic acid: , Vanillic acid: [6] |
| Chlorophyll | Chlorophyll a: 12.65 - 42.96 mg/100g[7] |
| Flavonoid | Isoquercetin (quercetin-3-glucoside): , Quercetin : 0.36 - 0.66 mg/100g, Rutin : 0.68 - 0.96 mg/100g[4] |
| Phenolic acid | 2-caffeoylisocitric acid : 305.48-388.5, p-coumaric acid: , Salicylic acid: [6] |
| Effect | Observation | DOI |
| In vitro studies | Increase in Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus–Enterococcus, Atopobium, Bacteroides–Prevotella, Clostridium coccoides–Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis. | DOI: 10.1039/C6FO00924G |
| Disease | Formulation | Reference | Author | TKDL |
| Cough / Bronchitis(Irumal, Kaasam), Leprosy(Thozhunoi, Kuttam, Perunoi), Colic (Soolai), Disease(Noi, Viyaadhi, Pini), Gonorrhoea (Seezh Megam, Vellai noi, Mega noi) | Abraha Parpam | Matchamuni perunool -800.CCRAS Publications. Chennai.(1985). | Matchamuni, CCRAS, New Delhi (Edn. 1st, 1985) | Siddha |
| Ascites(Peruvayiru), Anasarca(Sogai, Sobai),Jaundice(Manjal noi, kamalai, Pithu noi), Anaemia / Hyperbilirubinaemia (Velluppunoi, Paandu, Ratha kuraivu), Pain(Vali), Colic (Soolai), Gonorrhoea (Seezh Megam, Vellai noi, Mega noi), Dysuria(Neer erichal, Neer kaduppu), Sannipataja / Tridosaja(Mukkutra Noigal), Ama(Seetham, Aamam), Hernia (Kudalandam, Kudal vaayu), Tuberculosis / Pthysis(Elaippu, Sayam, Raja yashmam, Visushi), Diarrhoea(Perumkazhichal) | Thiriloga Centuram | Matchamuni perunool -800.CCRAS Publications. Chennai.(1985). | Matchamuni, CCRAS, New Delhi (Edn. 1st, 1985) | Siddha |
| Gastric ulcer/Acute gastritis(Gunmam/Iraippai Soolai, Aamasoolai), Leprosy and other dermatoses(Thol Pinigal),Colic (Soolai), Pricking pain(Kuthuthal pondra vali), Pain(Vali),Fly bite / Insect bite(Puchikkadi), Itching(Sori), Puerperal diseases(Pirasa Kala Noigal), Chronic diarrhoea(Vidaakazhichal, Sosikaa kiraani),Pain(Vali), Heat(Soodu, Vaeppam) | Vanga Chenduram | Agathiyar vaithia kaviyam,1500 | Agasthiyar, Edited by S.P. Ramachandran, Published by Thamarai Noolagam, Chennai (Edn. 2nd Reprint, Aug 2001) | Siddha |
| Information from Wealth of India | Reference |
| 4.2, 04.2.1, 04.2.1.1, 04.2.1.3, 04.2.2.2, 04.2.2.3, 04.2.2.5, 04.2.2.6, 04.2.2.8 |
| CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India |