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Allium sativum L.

Summary
Garlic is a root vegetable belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae. Garlics are rich in organic sulphur compounds (Allicin, allin, ajoene and diallyl disulphide). Garlic enhances immunity by increasing the proliferation of natural killer cells and T cells and shows anti-cancerous activity by increasing glutathione, nitric oxide and INF-α cytokine levels in the body.

Mode of Consumption : Fresh, fried, boiled and pickled
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Allium sativum L.
Family: Amaryllidaceae J.St.-Hil.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Genus: Allium L.
Fruiting Season: All round the year
Parts: Bulb & Leaf
  • The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The North-Eastern Hill Region
  • The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • North-Western Mountain Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Western Coastal Region
  • The Western Coastal Region
  • The South-Eastern Plateau Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Deccan Interior Region & The Eastern Coastal Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region & The Middle Ganga Plain Region
  • The Upper Ganga Plain Region
  • The Lower Ganga Plain Region
 Andhra Pradesh : Vellulli
Assam : Nohoru
Bihar : Lehsun
Himachal Pradesh : Lehsun
Karnataka : Belluli
Kerala : Vellutulli
Punjab : Lehsun
Tamil Nadu : Pondu
Uttar Pradesh : Lehsun
Uttarakhand : Lehsun
West Bengal : Rosun

Bulb
Compound/Extract Activity Mode of Action Marker/References
Garlic extractImmunomodulatoryEncapsulated garlic extract helps in increasing proliferation and activity of NK cells and γδ-T cells as well as increases lymphocyte GSH concentration. GSH, NK cells and γδ-T cells[8]
Fresh bulbAnticancer Fresh bulb increases in Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and increased levels of INF-α cytokine and its activity.NO and IFN-α [9]
Aqueous Garlic extractAnticancerAqueous garlic extract contains S-allylmercaptocysteine which helps in diminishing human prostate cancer cells, rescue of GSH deficits, alteration of prostate biomarker expression and testosterone utilization and restoration of E-cadherin expression.GSH and E-cadherin[10]
Major Class Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight)
FlavonoidQuercetin: 0.9-1.98[6]
Organosulphur compoundsAllicin: 91.08-336.96 mg/100g, Alliin: 598-1047.6 mg/100g, Diallyl disulfide: 29 mg/100g, Z-Ajoene: 16.92 mg/100g[1]
Effect Observation DOI
In vitro studies Significant growth of Lactobacillus acidophilousDOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.2046-2051
Human clinical studiesSignificant increase in Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium strainsDOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1007506
Disease Formulation Reference Author TKDL
Ulcer / Wound Healing(Pun), Gonorrhoea (Seezh Megam,Vellai noi,Mega noi), Oedema / Inflammation(Veekkam)Merrugulli ThylamTherayar Thailavarukka ChurukkamTherayar, Edited by Subramanya Pandithar, Published by Devaraja Nayakar, Chennai (Edn. 1958)Siddha
Flatus of piles(Moola vaayu), Distension of abdomen(Vayiru Porumal)Vellulli ThayirAgathiyar vaithya vallathi 600Agasthiyar, Edited by R.C.Mohan, Published byThamarai Noolagam, Chennai (Edn.1st, April 2001)Siddha
Flatulence(Nafkh-e-Shikam), Ptyriasis Nigra(Bahaq-e-Aswad), Alopecia (Daa-al-Sa'lab), Chronic Abscess(Dubaila), Ring worm (Qoobaa), Scabies, Itch(Jarab-wa-Hikka), Malignant Ulcers(Qurooh-e-Khabeesah), Sciatica (Irqun Nasaa),Headache (Suda'), Toothache(Waja'-ul- Asnaan), Asthenopia, Amblyopia(Zo'f-e-basar), Cough / Bronchitis(Sua'al/Surfah), Insect bite(Lasa't-al-Hasharaat), Rabies (A'zzat-ul-Kalbil mukallab),Soom-[lahsan]Al-Qaanoon-fil Tibb, Vol. IIAbu Ali Ibn-e-Sina, Institute of History of Medicine and Medical Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-62, 1987Unani
Alopecia (Daa-al-Sa'lab), Alopecia Furfuracea(Daa-al-Hayyah)Tila-e-seerKitaab - Al - U'mdah - fil - Jeraahat, Part II Aminuddaulah Abul Farj Ibn Al-Quff Maseehi, Dayerah-al- Ma'aarif Usmania, Hyderabad, 1937Unani
Information from Wealth of India Reference
  • Preparetions of garlic have been given in pulmonary phitisis, bronchiectasis, gangrene of the lung and whooping cough, laryngeal tuberculosis, lupus and duodenal ulcers are treated by garlic juice.
  • Inhalation of fresh garlic juice is useful in pulmonary tuberculosis.
  • It has been found useful in atonic dyspepsia, flatulence and colic.
  • In external application, the juice is used as a rubefacient in skin diseases and ear-drops in ear-ache. The juice diluted with water can be used as a lotion for washing wounds and foul ulcers.
 CSIR(1948).The Wealth of India, Raw materials,Vol.-I ,P.58-59, New Delhi, India
4.2, 04.2.1, 04.2.1.1, 04.2.1.3, 04.2.2.3, 04.2.2.5, 04.2.2.6, 04.2.2.8
    CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
    CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India