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Agaricus bisporus Lange

Summary

Button mushroom is a type of mushroom eaten as a vegetable belonging to the family Agaricaceae. It is a good source of flavonoids and phenolic acids such as rutin, gallic acid, trans-Cinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid. Button mushroom polysaccharides and extract shows immunomodulatory and anti-cancerous activity by inducing lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytotic activity of macrophages, TNF-α, and immunoglobin G, synthesis of IFN-γ and interferes in Androgen receptor (AR) signalling axis and suppresses prostate specific antigen (PSA) expression. Mode of Consumption : Added to soups and salads, fried, boiled, dried and pickled

Plant Details/ Agro-climatic Zone/ Vernacular Name

Plant Details	Agro-climatic Zone	Vernacular Names	Pictures
Scientific Name: Agaricus bisporus Lange Family: Agaricaceae Chevallier Class: Agaricomycetes Order: Agaricles Genus: Agaricus Linnaeus, Fries, Karsten Fruiting Season: All round the year Parts: Fruiting body	The Eastern Coastal Region The North-Eastern Hill Region The Middle Ganga Plain Region North-Western Mountain Region The Deccan Interior Region & The Western Coastal Region The Western Coastal Region The Deccan Interior Region & The Eastern Coastal Region The Upper Ganga Plain Region & The Middle Ganga Plain Region The Lower Ganga Plain Region	Andhra Pradesh : Battan puttagodugu Assam : Butam masrum Bihar : Battan mashrum Himachal Pradesh : Battan mashrum Karnataka : Battan masrum Kerala : Battan kun Tamil Nadu : Potan kallan Uttar Pradesh : Battan mashrum West Bengal : Botama masaruma	Mushroom

Immunomodulatory Activity

Compound/Extract	Activity	Mode of Action	Marker/References
Polysaccharides from A. bisporus fruiting bodies	Immunomodulatory	Polysaccharides from A. bisporus fruiting bodies helps in Lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytotic activity of peritoneal macrophages, and levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, and immunoglobin G, synthesis of IFN-γ.	Lymphocytes, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, and IgG^[3]
A. bisporus polysaccharide solution	Immunomodulatory	A. bisporus polysaccharide solution increases synthesis of IFN-γ in human PBMCs.	IFN-γ^[4]
White button mushroom extract	Anticancer	White button mushroom extract interfare in Androgen receptor (AR) signalling axis and antagonist effect of CLA-9Z11B which exhibited potent antiandrogenic effects by suppressing Prostate specific antigen (PSA) expression.	Androgen receptor (AR) signalling, Prostate specific antigen (PSA)^[5]

Metabolites

Major Class	Metabolites (Content of bioactives: mg/100g Fresh Weight)
Carboxylic Acid	Chlorogenic acid : 0.67 mg/100g FW, Gallic acid: 0.92 mg/100g FW^[2]
Flavanoid	Rutin: 2.14 mg/100g FW^[2]
Phenolic acid	trans-Cinnamic acid: 0.77 mg/100g FW^[1]

Prebiotic Activity

Effect	Observation	DOI
Animal model studies	Increase in Bacteroides such as Prevotella which is a good source of propionate and succinate	DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.008
Animal model studies	Increase in the abundance of Clostridiales taxa	DOI: 10.3390/nu10111721
Human clinical studies	Increased abundance of Clostridiales taxa responsible for improved intestinal performance	DOI: 10.3390/nu10101402

Traditional Knowledge Digital Library(TKDL)

Disease	Formulation	Reference	Author	TKDL

Information compiled from Wealth of India

Information from Wealth of India	Reference

FSSAI Category

4.2, 04.2.1, 04.2.1.1, 04.2.1.3, 04.2.2.3, 04.2.2.5, 04.2.2.6, 04.2.2.8

Forbidden Combination

References

1 . DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2952-9 2 . DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2914-2 3 . DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2018029648 4 . DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.06.029 5 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108580

CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India