Ziziphus mauritiana
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Indian Jujuba or Ber is a variety of Jujube fruit, native to India and found in almost all the states of the country. The fruit is small and round in appearance, green colour changes to red when ripe, eaten raw in the form of chutney or sometimes cooked, dried and is also used to make powders, pickles and sauces. It is a tropical fruit, sweet and sour to taste, is available during the months January to March. The fruit is rich in alkaloids, vitamins, Flavonoids, Phenols, glycosides and so on. in traditional medicinal practices of the local people in various regions, the fruit is considered to be a very good digestive and good for the gut health. Besides, the fruits is recently reported to be of great value to other health and wellness. According to reports it is seen that betullinic acid happens to be bioactive compound present in the fruit which helps to boost the immune system similarly the fruit also has potential to exhibit antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activities and so on. |
| Plant Details | Agro-climatic Zone | Vernacular Names | Pictures |
| Scientific Name: Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Family: Rhamnaceae Juss. Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Genus: Ziziphus Mill Fruiting Season: September to February Fruting Condition: Ripe and unripe |
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Assam : Bogori Manipur : Boroi Mizoram : Bo-rai Tamil Nadu : Elandhai |
 Ripe fruits.  Fruits with plant. |
| Compound/Chemical | Immunomodulatory Activity | Pathway | Immunomodulatory Marker |
| Seed extract | Anti-hypereglycemic activity | The aqueous extract and the non-polysaccharide part of the aqueous extract of Z. mauritiana were initiate to exhibit large antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic action in a rats at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. | HDL, LDL, VLDL[1][2] |
| Fruit extract | Antioxidant activity | Anti-oxidant activity of methanol extract of Z. mauritiana fruits in dose depend manner. If the concentration of sample is increased than the radicalscravenging effect also increased. | TNF-alpha[1] |
| Seed extract | Immunomodulatory activity | The seed extract demonstrated significant (P<0.05-0.001) up-regulation of cell-mediated, humoral immune response and Th-1 mediated cytokine IFN-gamma and decline in Th-2 mediated cytokine IL-4. | Th-1, Th-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4[1][2] |
| Major Class | Metabolites |
| Alkaloid | (+)-isoboldine(Whole fruit), Asimilobine(Whole fruit), Berberine(Whole fruit), Frangufoline(Whole fruit), Jubanine A(Whole fruit), Jubanine B(Whole fruit) |
| Amino acid derivatives | Phenylalanine(Whole fruit), Protopine(Whole fruit) |
| Anthocyanins | Flavylium perchlorate(Whole fruit) |
| Carbohydrates | 6-deoxy-L-talose(Whole fruit) |
| Carboxamide | Nicotinamide(Whole fruit) |
| Carboxylic acid derivatives | Citric acid(Whole fruit), Nicotinate(Whole fruit), Octadecanoate(Whole fruit) |
| Carotenoid | Carotene(Whole fruit) |
| Fatty Acids derivatives | 1-octacosanol(Whole fruit), Arachidic acid(Whole fruit), Docosanoic acid(Whole fruit), Octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid(Whole fruit), Palmitic acid(Whole fruit), Palmitoleic acid(Whole fruit), Tetradecanoic acid(Whole fruit) |
| Flavonoid | DL-Catechin(Whole fruit), Eupatin(Whole fruit), L-Arabinose(Whole fruit), Leucocyanidol(Whole fruit), Myricetin 3-rutinoside(Whole fruit), Quercetin(Whole fruit), Rhamnetin(Whole fruit), Spinosin(Whole fruit) |
| Oligopeptide derivatives | Amphibine H(Whole fruit), Frangulanine(Whole fruit), Nummularine B(Whole fruit) |
| Phenolic acid | (2alpha,3beta)-2-hydroxy-3-{[(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl]oxy}lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid(Whole fruit), Ceanothic acid(Whole fruit), L-ascorbic acid(Whole fruit), Lauric acid(Whole fruit), malic acid(Whole fruit) |
| Purine derivatives | Inosine(Whole fruit), trans-zeatin(Whole fruit) |
| Tannin | 3-cis-coumaroylmaslinic acid(Whole fruit), 3-O-caffeoyl-D-quinic acid(Whole fruit), 3-trans-coumaroylmaslinic acid(Whole fruit) |
| Triterpenoids | Jujuboside A(Whole fruit), Jujuboside A1(Whole fruit), Jujuboside B(Whole fruit), Mauritine B(Whole fruit), Sativanine E(Whole fruit), Yuzirine(Whole fruit), Alphitolic acid(Whole fruit), Baimaside(Whole fruit), Betulic acid(Whole fruit), Betulonic acid(Whole fruit), Colubrinic acid(Whole fruit), Mabioside(Whole fruit), Mauritine D(Whole fruit), Mucronine A(Whole fruit), Mucronine D(Whole fruit), Oleanolic acid(Whole fruit), Oleic acid(Whole fruit), Roseoside(Whole fruit), Ursolic acid(Whole fruit) |
| Vitamins | Folic acid(Whole fruit), Riboflavin(Whole fruit) |
| Traditional Practice | Diseases | Plant Part | Additional Knowledge |
| 04.1.1, 04.1.1 |
| Incompatible with milk and other dairy products. |
| CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India |