Terminalia chebula
Hilikha, with many other vernacular names is a tropical fruit found in the North-eastern region of India and also in the nearby states of that region. It is a small, oval shaped, green in appearance and tastes bitter sweet. It is eaten raw, dried (brown colour) and made powder from the dried form for adding to health drink or other mixes. “Triphala” juice that is prepared as health drinks is made out of many mixes of fruits and herbs along with this fruit. In many ethnobotanical uses practiced by the different communities in the region, Hilikha is used in various edible forms. Besides, the fruit is rich in many useful bioactive compounds that helps to regulate the immune health system of the body. Chebulic acid is a bioactive compound reportedly found in thus fruit which is seen to scavenge free radicals and inhibit ROS production, promoting antioxidant activity. In addition to this, the fruit has many other immunity modulating activities. |
Plant Details | Agro-climatic Zone | Vernacular Names | Pictures |
Scientific Name: Terminalia chebula Retz. Family: Combretaceae R.Br. Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Myrtales Genus: Terminalia L. Fruiting Season: July-September Fruting Condition: Ripe |
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Andhra Pradesh : Karaka, Karaka, Karaka, Karaka Assam : Hilikha, Hilikha Goa : Hardi, Hardi, Ordo, Ordo Gujarat : Hardi, Hardi Karnataka : Arale, Arale Kerala : Kadukka, Kadukka, Pulicakku, Pulicakku, Putanam, Putanam Maharashtra : Hirda, Hirda Manipur : Manahi, Manahi Odisha : Karedha, Karedha Tamil Nadu : Kadukkaai, Kadukkaai, Kadukkai, Kadukkai West Bengal : Haritaki, Haritaki |
Compound/Chemical | Immunomodulatory Activity | Pathway | Immunomodulatory Marker |
Chebulic acid | Hepatoprotective activity | Chebulic acid has cytoprotective effect on t-BHP-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes. | [3] |
Major Class | Metabolites |
Fatty Acids | Picrotoximaesin(Fruit) |
Flavonoid | Quinic acid(Fruit), Oleic acid(Fruit) |
Phenolic Acid | Punicalagin(Fruit), Quercetin(Fruit), Ramifloside(Fruit) |
Polyol | Palmitic acid(Fruit) |
Polyphenol | Palmitic acid(Fruit) |
Steroid | Chebulic acid(Fruit), Chebulinic acid(Fruit), Isoquercitrin(Fruit) |
Tannin | Beta-sitosterol(Fruit), Chebulagic acid(Fruit), Corilagin(Fruit), Daucosterol(Fruit), Ellagic acid(Fruit), Gallic acid(Fruit), Gallic acid ethyl ester(Fruit) |
Terpenoid | Chebulanin(Fruit), Inositol(Fruit) |
Traditional Practice | Diseases | Plant Part | Additional Knowledge |
Ayurveda | Inflammation and enlargement of scrotum, Oedema / Inflammation | Extract | Reduces endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus[5] |
04.1.1 |
CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India |