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Spondias pinnata

Summary

Indian Hog plum with various other vernacular names is a deciduous fruit tree, with yellow-green fruits. The fruit is a large ovoid stone and comprises of many spines and is difficult to separate from the pulp. It has strong acid taste and available during the months July and September. It is mostly consumed fresh along with the seeds. According to reports the fruit is seen to consist metabolites such as Carboxylic acids, Fatty acids, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids and so on. And in addition to that, the fruit is seen to help decrease the phosphorylation of NF-kB and in ROS stimulation showing anti-inflammatory responses. Similarly, from reports it is seen that the fruit has potential to show antioxidant activity and other immune regulating responses.

Mode of Consumption: Mostly consumed Raw, Used to prepare Juice, Jam, Pickles Dried fruits etc
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz
Family: Anacardiaceae R.Br.
Class: Magnoliopsida 
Order: Sapindales 
Genus: Spondias L.
Fruiting Season: July-October
Fruting Condition: Ripe
  • Eastern Himalayan Region
  • Gujarat Region
  • West Coast Plains and Ghat Region
  • East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • West Coast Plains and Ghat Region & East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • Lower Gangetic Plains Region

 Assam : Aamara
Gujarat : Ambaada
Kerala : Ampazham
Manipur : Heining
Meghalaya : Dieng-sohpier
Mizoram : Tawitaw
Odisha : Ambaada
Tamil Nadu : Kincam, pulima
West Bengal : Aamada, aamraata, aamraataka
Compound/Chemical Immunomodulatory Activity Pathway Immunomodulatory Marker
FlavonoidsAntioxidant acitvitySuperoxide anions scavenger Prevent formation of nitrite, hydroxyl radical scavengerNO[2]
Flavonoids, phenolic compoundsAntioxidant acitvityPrevention of chain initiation, decomposition of peroxides, reducing capacity and radical scavengingTNF-alpha[3]
Fruit peel extractAnti-inflammatory activityFruit peel extract showed strong anti-inflammatory activity by significantly inhibiting NO production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cell lines at 0.08 percent, with no effect on cell viability.NO[2][3]
Major Class Metabolites
Butenolides derivativesAscorbic acid(Flesh )
Carboxylic acidTerpinolene(Fruit), Pivalic acid(Fruit)
CarotenoidsBeta-Carotene(Flesh )
Fatty Acidsbeta-Terpeneol(Fruit), Veratraldehyde(Fruit), Linayl acetate(Fruit), Ethyl linoleate(Fruit), Linoleic acid(Fruit), Palmitic acid(Fruit)
FlavonoidButyric acid(Fruit)
HydrocarbonDodecane(Fruit)
Linoleic acidNeryl acetate(Fruit)
Phenolic acidcis-beta-Farnesene(Fruit)
Phenolic aldehydeFufural(Fruit)
Pyridinecarboxylic acidsNicotinic acid(Flesh )
SugarEucalyptol(Fruit)
Tannins derivativesGeraniin(Flesh )
Terpenoidbeta-Cubebene(Fruit), gamma-Butyrolactone(Fruit), Guaiacol(Fruit), d-Borneol(Fruit), alpha-Terpinene(Fruit), alpha-Muurolene(Fruit), Methyl cinnamate(Fruit), gamma-Muurolene(Fruit), alpha-Pinene(Fruit), Valeric acid(Fruit), Nonanoic acid(Fruit), alpha-Fenchol(Fruit), alpha-Terpineol(Fruit), alpha-Curcumene(Fruit), delta-Cadinol(Fruit), Nerol(Fruit), Levomenol(Fruit), Caryophyllene oxide(Fruit), alpha-Calacorene(Fruit), delta-Elemene(Fruit), delta-Selinene(Fruit), alpha-Phellandrene(Fruit), beta-Caryophyllene(Fruit), €-beta-ocimene(Fruit), cis-alpha-Bergamotene(Fruit), Calamenene(Fruit), Cedrelanol(Fruit), Geraniol(Fruit), Limonene(Fruit), trans-Linalool oxide(Fruit), alpha-Copaene(Fruit), Widdrol(Fruit)
TriterpenoidOleanolic acid(Flesh ), Beta-amyrin(Flesh )
Traditional Practice Diseases Plant Part Additional Knowledge
04.1.1, 04.1.1.3
Incompatible with milk and other dairy products.

Incompatible with Milk, Curd and cheese
CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India