Phoenix dactylifera
Date Palm or Khajoor, is a oval-cylindrical shaped, 3-7 m in length, small sized about 2-3 cm in diameter, the colour varies from bright yellow to brown when ripe, depending on the variety. The fruits are generally consumed in dried condition is hence considered as a dried fruit also. Consumption of this fruit is known to be beneficial to the human body in various ways, as practiced traditionally and also due to various reported evidences. The fruit extract has been reported to exhibit some health beneficial activities such as antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity and so on. The fruit extract has properties which is seen to induce the immunomodulatory marker TNF-alpha in the body uplifting the effect of Anti-inflammatory activity. Again, in antioxidant activity analysis assays conducted for the fruit extract and in many reported observations it was seen that the fruit extract inhibits the superoxide ions and other free radicals that might be present in the body. We can say that date palm is a very nutritious fruit and can help build our immune system if consumed in a systematic manner. |
Plant Details | Agro-climatic Zone | Vernacular Names | Pictures |
Scientific Name: Phoenix dactylifera L. Family: Arecaceae Bercht. & J.Presl Class: Monocotyledonae Order: Arecales Genus: Phoenix L. Fruiting Season: April to May Fruting Condition: Ripe |
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Gujarat : khajūra Himachal pradesh : khajoor Karnataka : Kharjūra Tamil Nadu : Pērīccampaḻaṅka West Bengal : Khējura gācha |
Plam tree. Palm tree garden. Leaves of th plant. Date palm. |
Compound/Chemical | Immunomodulatory Activity | Pathway | Immunomodulatory Marker |
Fruit extract | Antioxidant acitvity | Aqueous extract of dates fruit was found to inhibit significantly the superoxide,lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. | [3] |
Fruit extract | Antioxidant acitvity | Increase plasma antioxidant (Vitamin C, E, A, βcarotene) levels and decrease lipid peroxides. Reduce swelling, ESR and plasma fibrinogen. | [3] |
Fruit extract | Antiproliferative activity | Prevent dimethoate-induced hepatotoxicity-decrease hepatic markers (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, GGT and LDH), decrease vacuolization, necrosis, congestion, inflammation and enlargement of sinusoids. It has protective effect against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. | ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, GGT and LDH[13] |
Fruit extract | Antiproliferative activity | Enhance both cell mediated and humoral immunity. | NF-κB[4] |
Chelidonic acid | Anti-inflammatory activity | Chelidonic acid inhibits the IL-6 production and expressionand also suppressed activation of NF-κB and caspase-1 in HMC-1 cells | caspase-1 , IL-6[4][8] |
Caffeoyl shikimic acid-1, Caffeoyl shikimic acid-2, Caffeoyl shikimic acid-3 | Anti-inflammatory activity | Increses cell viability, inhibits NO, downregulation of TNF-α, inhibition of IL-1β and it also inhibits ERK pathway and p38 protein in RAW264.7 cells | TNF-α, IL-1β[4][8] |
Apigenin-C-diglucoside | Antiproliferative activity | Studies have demonstrated anti-proliferative effects of apigenin on human breast cancer cell lines with different levels of HER2/neu expression. Apigenin exhibited potent growth-inhibitory activity in HER2/neu over-expressing breast cancer cells but was much less effective in inhibiting growth of cells expressing basal levels of HER2/neu | [8][9][10] |
Fruit extract | Antioxidant acitvity | Aqueous extract of dates fruit was found to inhibit significantly the superoxide,lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. | [3] |
Fruit extract | Antioxidant acitvity | Scavenges free radical, inhibit iron-induced lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. | [3] |
Major Class | Metabolites |
Rhamnose(Peel), Vanillin(Peel) | |
- | 2-O-methylxylose(Peel), 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde(Peel), 5-O-caffeoylshikimate(Peel), 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid(Peel), 6-beta-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one(Peel), Alpha-D-galacturonate(Peel), Beta-D-xylopyranose(Peel), Methyl 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate(Peel) |
Amino acid | DL-alanine-15N(Peel) |
Anthocyanin | Leucocyanidol(Peel) |
Carotenoid | Beta carotene(Peel) |
Flavonoid | L-Arabinose(Peel), Lutein(Peel), Apigenin(Peel), Luteolin(Peel), Quercetin(Peel), Apigenin-C-diglucoside(pulp) |
Phenolic acid | Ferulic acid(Peel), L-ascorbic acid(Peel), Sinapic acid(Peel), Gallic acid(Peel), Syringic acid(Peel), O-coumeric acid(Peel), p-coumaric acid(Peel), Chelidonic acid (pulp), Caffeoyl shikimic acid-1(pulp), Caffeoyl shikimic acid-2(pulp), Caffeoyl shikimic acid-3(pulp) |
Stilbene | Resveratrol(Peel) |
Vitamins | Nicotinate(Peel), Retinol(Peel), Riboflavin(Peel), Vitamin B1(Peel), Vitamin B2(Peel), Vitamin C(Peel), Vitamin A(Peel) |
Traditional Practice | Diseases | Plant Part | Additional Knowledge |
Siddha | Ozaena, sinusitis ,headache, Pyrexia | Seed | The effect of date seed (Phoenix dactylifera) supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress biomarkers, and performance in active people[14] |
04.2.1.3, 04.1.2.2 |
Incompatible with Milk, Curd and cheese NA |
CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India |