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Phoenix dactylifera

Date Palm or Khajoor, is a oval-cylindrical shaped, 3-7 m in length, small sized about 2-3 cm in diameter, the colour varies from bright yellow to brown when ripe, depending on the variety. The fruits are generally consumed in dried condition is hence considered as a dried fruit also. Consumption of this fruit is known to be beneficial to the human body in various ways, as practiced traditionally and also due to various reported evidences. The fruit extract has been reported to exhibit some health beneficial activities such as antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity and so on. The fruit extract has properties which is seen to induce the immunomodulatory marker TNF-alpha in the body uplifting the effect of Anti-inflammatory activity. Again, in antioxidant activity analysis assays conducted for the fruit extract and in many reported observations it was seen that the fruit extract inhibits the superoxide ions and other free radicals that might be present in the body. We can say that date palm is a very nutritious fruit and can help build our immune system if consumed in a systematic manner.

Mode of Consumption: Mostly consumed Raw, Used to prepare Juice, Jam, Pickles Dried fruits etc

Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Phoenix dactylifera L.
Family: Arecaceae Bercht. & J.Presl
Class: Monocotyledonae
Order: Arecales
Genus: Phoenix L.
Fruiting Season: April to May
Fruting Condition: Ripe
  • Gujarat Region
  • North-Western Mountain Region
  • Southern plateau and Hills Region & West Coast Plains and Ghat Region
  • West Coast Plains and Ghat Region & East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • Lower Gangetic Plains Region

Gujarat : khajūra
Himachal pradesh : khajoor
Karnataka : Kharjūra
Tamil Nadu : Pērīccampaḻaṅka
West Bengal : Khējura gācha

Plam tree.


Palm tree garden.


Leaves of th plant.


Date palm.

Compound/Chemical Immunomodulatory Activity Pathway Immunomodulatory Marker
Fruit extractAntioxidant acitvityAqueous extract of dates fruit was found to inhibit significantly the superoxide,lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in a dose-dependent manner.[3]
Fruit extractAntioxidant acitvityIncrease plasma antioxidant (Vitamin C, E, A, βcarotene) levels and decrease lipid peroxides. Reduce swelling, ESR and plasma fibrinogen.[3]
Fruit extractAntiproliferative activityPrevent dimethoate-induced hepatotoxicity-decrease hepatic markers (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, GGT and LDH), decrease vacuolization, necrosis, congestion, inflammation and enlargement of sinusoids. It has protective effect against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, GGT and LDH[13]
Fruit extractAntiproliferative activityEnhance both cell mediated and humoral immunity.NF-κB[4]
Chelidonic acid Anti-inflammatory activityChelidonic acid inhibits the IL-6 production and expressionand also suppressed activation of NF-κB and caspase-1 in HMC-1 cellscaspase-1 , IL-6[4][8]
Caffeoyl shikimic acid-1, Caffeoyl shikimic acid-2, Caffeoyl shikimic acid-3Anti-inflammatory activityIncreses cell viability, inhibits NO, downregulation of TNF-α, inhibition of IL-1β and it also inhibits ERK pathway and p38 protein in RAW264.7 cellsTNF-α, IL-1β[4][8]
Apigenin-C-diglucosideAntiproliferative activityStudies have demonstrated anti-proliferative effects of apigenin on human breast cancer cell lines with different levels of HER2/neu expression. Apigenin exhibited potent growth-inhibitory activity in HER2/neu over-expressing breast cancer cells but was much less effective in inhibiting growth of cells expressing basal levels of HER2/neu[8][9][10]
Fruit extractAntioxidant acitvityAqueous extract of dates fruit was found to inhibit significantly the superoxide,lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in a dose-dependent manner.[3]
Fruit extractAntioxidant acitvityScavenges free radical, inhibit iron-induced lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation.[3]
Major Class Metabolites
Rhamnose(Peel), Vanillin(Peel)
-2-O-methylxylose(Peel), 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde(Peel), 5-O-caffeoylshikimate(Peel), 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid(Peel), 6-beta-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one(Peel), Alpha-D-galacturonate(Peel), Beta-D-xylopyranose(Peel), Methyl 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate(Peel)
Amino acidDL-alanine-15N(Peel)
AnthocyaninLeucocyanidol(Peel)
CarotenoidBeta carotene(Peel)
FlavonoidL-Arabinose(Peel), Lutein(Peel), Apigenin(Peel), Luteolin(Peel), Quercetin(Peel), Apigenin-C-diglucoside(pulp)
Phenolic acidFerulic acid(Peel), L-ascorbic acid(Peel), Sinapic acid(Peel), Gallic acid(Peel), Syringic acid(Peel), O-coumeric acid(Peel), p-coumaric acid(Peel), Chelidonic acid (pulp), Caffeoyl shikimic acid-1(pulp), Caffeoyl shikimic acid-2(pulp), Caffeoyl shikimic acid-3(pulp)
StilbeneResveratrol(Peel)
VitaminsNicotinate(Peel), Retinol(Peel), Riboflavin(Peel), Vitamin B1(Peel), Vitamin B2(Peel), Vitamin C(Peel), Vitamin A(Peel)
Traditional Practice Diseases Plant Part Additional Knowledge
SiddhaOzaena, sinusitis ,headache, PyrexiaSeedThe effect of date seed (Phoenix dactylifera) supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress biomarkers, and performance in active people[14]
04.2.1.3, 04.1.2.2
Incompatible with Milk, Curd and cheese

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CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India