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Morinda citrifolia

Summary

Noni is a well-known Indian origin fruit belonging to the Rubiaceae family. The fruit is ovoid shaped covered by polygonal-shaped sections or divisions. It reaches to a length of upto 12cm. the fruit is hard and bright green in colour initially and later during ripening stage it turns soft and changes its colour to yellow or off-white. In phytochemical investigations, it has been observed that the fruit contains anthraquinones (rubiatin, damnacanthal, alizarin-1-methyl ether and sterols); fatty acids, glycosides, alcohols, iridoids (asperuloside, asperulocide acid and deacetylaperulosidic acid). Fatty acids and iridoids were reported to inhibit ester- and EGF-induced AP-1 (transcription activator protein-1) transactivation and cell transformation in JB6 cells. Along with this the fruit also helps to release the cytokines such s TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-10 and IF-gamma but not IL-2.

Mode of Consumption: Mostly consumed Raw, Used to prepare Juice, Jam, Pickles Dried fruits etc
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Morinda citrifolia L.
Family: Rubiaceae Juss.
Class: Magnoliopsida 
Order: Gentianales 
Genus: Morinda L.
Fruiting Season: June-September; October-December
Fruting Condition: Ripe
  • Southern plateau and Hills Region & East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • West Coast Plains and Ghat Region
  • Gujarat Region
  • Southern plateau and Hills Region & West Coast Plains and Ghat Region
  • East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • West Coast Plains and Ghat Region & East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • Lower Gangetic Plains Region

 Andhra Pradesh : Mogali
Goa : Bartondi
Gujarat : Surangi
Karnataka : Tagase Maddi
Kerala : Cherumanjanathi, Kattapitalavam, Manjanathi, Manjanathi, Mannapavatta
Maharashtra : Nagakunda
Odisha : Pindre
Tamil Nadu : Noni, Nuna
West Bengal : Hurdi

Immature fruits.


Raw fruit sliced.


Fruit and plant.
Compound/Chemical Immunomodulatory Activity Pathway Immunomodulatory Marker
Fruit extractAnti-inflammatory activityThe alcohol extract of Noni fruit at various concentrations inhibits the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).TNF-alpha[1][2]
Fruit extractAnti-inflammatory activityNoni precipetate is also capable of stimulating the release of many mediators from murine effector cells including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-gamma and NO.TNF-alpha, IL-beta, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma and NO inhibition.[1][2]
Fermented fruitAnti-inflammatory activityFermented Morinda citrifolia(FNONI) reduces levels of histamine, IgE and IgG1/IgG2a ratio, thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC), and thymis stromal lymphoprotein (TSLP) in serum and modulates the expression of Th1, Th2, Th7 and Th-22 mediated cytokines.[1]
Seed extract of the fruitAnti-inflammatory activityThe seed extract of M.citrifolia helps to reduce the production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-alpha.NO inhibition and TNF-alpha[1][2][3]
Fruit extractAntioxidant activityThe fruit extract of Noni shows excellent Antioxidant activity by free radical scavenging and which also dependent on doses but is higher than that of ascorbic acid.[4]
Major Class Metabolites
Scopoletin(Fruit), Caproic acid(Fruit), Octoanoic acid(Fruit), b-sitosterol(Fruit), Carotene(Fruit), Linoleic acid(Fruit), Alizarin(Fruit), Acubin(Fruit), L-asperuloside(Fruit), Caprylic acid(Fruit), Ursolic acid(Fruit), Rutin(Fruit), Putative proxeronine(Fruit), Nonioside A(Fruit), Tricetin(Fruit), (2E,4E,7Z)-deca-2,4,7-trienoate-2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranoside(Fruit)
AnthraquinonesNordamnacanthal(Fruit), Morindone(Fruit), Rubiadin(Fruit), Rubiadin1-methyl ether(Fruit), Anthraquinone glycoside(Fruit)
CoumarinScopoletin(Fruit)
FlavonoidAnthocyanin (cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside)(Fruit), Catechin(Fruit), Epicatechin(Fruit), Kaempferol(Fruit), Rutin(Fruit), Quercetin(Fruit)
IridoidsAsperulosidic acid(Fruit)
LignanAmericanin A(Fruit), Americanol A(Fruit), Isoprincepin(Fruit), Lirioresinol B(Fruit), Lirioresinol B dimethyl ether(Fruit), Morindolin(Fruit), 3,3’-Bisdemethypinoresinol(Fruit)
Phenolic AcidChlorogenic acid(Fruit), Gentisic acid(Fruit), P-hydroxybenzoic acid(Fruit)
TerpenoidUrsolic acid(Fruit), Saponin(Fruit)
Traditional Practice Diseases Plant Part Additional Knowledge
FruitAntibacterial efficacy and effect of Morinda citrifolia L. mixed with irreversible hydrocolloid for dental impressions[5]
04.1.1, 04.1.1.1, 04.1.2.10, 04.1.2.2
Not incompatible with anything.
CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India