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Mangifera indica

Summary

Mangoes are grown largely in Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Bihar, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. They are harvested right before the monsoon season begins. With about 24.7 million tonnes in 2020. India is the top mango producer in the world. Mango, an Anacardiaceae family member, includes carotenoids, phenolic acids, and xanthonoids. Mangiferin, gallic acid, and beta-carotene are three of the most important bioactive components found in mango. Mangiferin, a xanthonoid, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha, NO, and NF- kB pathways. Gallic acid, a phenolic acid, has been reported to have antiproliferative effect via activating ATM-Chk2, resulting in cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Beta-carotene, a reddish-orange pigment belonging to the carotenoids group has been reported to have anti-oxidant properties. Mode of Consumption: Mostly consumed Raw, Used to prepare Juice, Jam etc

Plant Details and Distribution

Plant Details	Agro-climatic Zone	Vernacular Names	Pictures
Scientific Name: Mangifera indica L. Family: Anacardiaceae R.Br. Class: Mangoliopsida Order: Sapindales Genus: Mangifera L. Fruiting Season: April-May-June Fruting Condition: Ripe	Southern plateau and Hills Region & East Coast Plains and Hills Region Eastern Himalayan Region Gujarat Region North-Western Mountain Region Southern plateau and Hills Region & West Coast Plains and Ghat Region West Coast Plains and Ghat Region The Western Rajasthan Region & The Aravali-Malwa Upland West Coast Plains and Ghat Region & East Coast Plains and Hills Region	Andhra Pradesh : Māmiḍi, Māmiḍi Assam : Āma, Āma Gujarat : Kērī, Kērī Himachal Pradesh : Aam, Aam Karnataka : Māvu, Māvu Kerala : māmpaḻaṁ, māmpaḻaṁ Maharashtra : Aam, Aam Punjab : Āma, Āma Tamil Nadu : Māṅkaṉi, Māṅkaṉi	Ripe fruits hanging from the branches of the tree. Ripe fruits kept together in a basket.

Immunomodulatory Activity

Compound/Chemical	Immunomodulatory Activity	Pathway	Immunomodulatory Marker
β-carotene	Antioxidant activity	Highly reactive towards peroxyl radicals.	^[3]
Gallic acid	Antiproliferative activity	Activation of ATM-Chk2 which inactivates phosphorylation of cdc25C/A phosphatase leading to accumulation of cdc2 in its Tyr15-phosphorylated inactive form and consequently cell cycle arrest occurs.	^[2]
Mangiferin	Anti-inflammatory activity	Inhibits inflammatory cytokines, TNFα, NO and NF-κβ. Inhibits sepsis-activated MAPK and NFκβ signaling	TNFα^[1][2]

Metabolites

Major Class	Metabolites
Carotenoid	β-carotene(Pulp)
Phenolic acid	Gallic acid(Pulp)
Xanthonoids	Mangiferin(Pulp)

Epidemiological Data

Traditional Practice	Diseases	Plant Part	Additional Knowledge
Siddha	Tuberculosis	Fruit	Mangifera indica L. polyphenols reduce IL-8, GRO, and GM-SCF plasma levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease^[4]
Siddha	Tuberculosis	Fruit	Mangifera indica protection against serum oxidative stress in elderly humans^[5]

FSSAI Category

Forbidden Combination

References

References 1 . DOI: 10.3390/nu8070396 2 . DOI: 10.1039/C7FO00190H 3 . DOI: 10.1126/science.6710156 4 . DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.01.002 5 . DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.04.017

CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India