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Malus baccata

Summary

Also known as Crab apple or wild apple is an Asian species of apple grown in Himachal pradesh, Uttarakhand and JK UT.The fruit contains secondary metabolites such as Phloridzin and Kaempferol which are reported to have biological activity.Fatty Acid Esters of Phloridzin Induce Apoptosis of Human Liver Cancer Cells through Altered Gene Expression and Kaempferol exhibits an important neuroprotective action in all addressed diseases, mainly promoting an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. In addition, KPF promoted a protective effect on the brain, inhibiting proinflammatory cytotoxicity and the activity of important inflammatory pathways as NF-kB, p38MAPK, and AKT, resulting in an overall anti-inflammatory action. Mode of Consumption: Mostly consumed Raw, Used to prepare Juice, Jam, Pickles Dried fruits etc

Plant Details and Distribution

Plant Details	Agro-climatic Zone	Vernacular Names	Pictures
Scientific Name: Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. Family: Rosaceae Mill. Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Genus: Malus Mill. Fruiting Season: July-August Fruting Condition: Ripe	North-Western Mountain Region	Himachal pradesh : Crab apple, Jangalee seb, Wild apple

Immunomodulatory Activity

Compound/Chemical	Immunomodulatory Activity	Pathway	Immunomodulatory Marker
Phloridzin	Antiproliferative activity	Fatty Acid Esters of Phloridzin Induce Apoptosis of Human Liver Cancer Cells through Altered Gene Expression	NA
Kaempferol	Anti-inflammatory activity	Kaempferol exhibits an important neuroprotective action in all addressed diseases, mainly promoting an Anti-inflammatory activity and Antioxidant activity effect. In addition, KPF promoted a protective effect on the brain, inhibiting proinflammatory cytotoxicity and the activity of important inflammatory pathways as NF-kB, p38MAPK, and AKT, resulting in an overall Anti-inflammatory activity action.	NF-Κb, p38^[2][8]
Caffeic acid	Antiproliferative activity	Caffeic acid prevents the exaggerated formation of ROS and assisting in the killing of tumor cells through DNA oxidation.	NA^[3]

Metabolites

Major Class	Metabolites
Flavonoid	Kaempferol(Whole fruit)
Phenolic acid	Phloridzin(Whole fruit), Caffeic acid(Whole fruit)

Epidemiological Data

Traditional Practice	Diseases	Plant Part	Additional Knowledge

FSSAI Category

04.1.1

Forbidden Combination

NA

References

References 1 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107149 2 . DOI: 10.1155/2020/5891016 3 . DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00541 4 . DOI: 10.3390/pr8030283 5 . DOI 10.1007/s11101-017-9500-x 6 . DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132789 7 . DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134529 8 . DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.565700 9 . DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020962 10 . DOI: 10.3390/plants11182368

CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India