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Diospyros kaki

Summary

Persimmon also known as Japani Phal, a fruit which is not really common in most parts of india but cultivated in Himachal Pradesh, JK UT and parts of tamil Nadu, it belongs to the famiy Ebenaceae. The fruit is orangish yellow in colour and it is sweet in nature. It is rich in proanthocyanins which are demonstrated have antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activity.Proanthocyanidins inhibit colon tumor growth by inhibiting the expression of both VEGF and Ang1 through the scavenging of ROS. Also in mice models, proanthocyanidin inhibited the LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 overexpression, by modulating modulating NF-κB in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. These anti-inflammatory effects assuaged depressive behaviors Mode of Consumption: Mostly consumed Raw, Used to prepare Juice, Jam, Pickles Dried fruits etc

Plant Details and Distribution

Plant Details	Agro-climatic Zone	Vernacular Names	Pictures
Scientific Name: Diospyros kaki Thunb. Family: Ebenaceae L. Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Ericales Genus: Diospyros L. Fruiting Season: September and October Fruting Condition: Ripe	North-Western Mountain Region	Himachal pradesh : Japani Phal Uttarakhand : Japani Phal

Immunomodulatory Activity

Compound/Chemical	Immunomodulatory Activity	Pathway	Immunomodulatory Marker
Ellagic acid	Anti-inflammatory activity	Ellagic acid has also been shown to exert potent Anti-inflammatory activity activities by inhibits IL-1βand TNF-α-induced activation of AP-1 and MAPK, such as ERK1/2,JNK, and p38.	MAPK, ERK1/2,JNK, and p38^[1]
Epigallocatechin	Antiproliferative activity	Epigallocatechin was found to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells through the activation of the apoptosis-related proteins, such as caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP-1 and in In Eca109 human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells, it was found to induce apoptosis through other mechanisms, such as reducing protein expression of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) as well as reducing Bcl-2, and increasing Bax and caspase-3 expression	caspase-3 ^[3][6]
	Anti-inflammatory activity	In mice models, proanthocyanidin inhibited the LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 overexpression, by modulating modulating NF-κB in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. These Anti-inflammatory activity effects assuaged depressive behaviors	NF-κB^[6]
Proanthocyanins	Antiproliferative activity	Proanthocyanidins inhibit colon tumor growth by inhibiting the expression of both VEGF and Ang1 through the scavenging of ROS	^[1][6]

Metabolites

Major Class	Metabolites
Anthocyanins	Proanthocyanins(Whole fruit)
Flavonoid	Epigallocatechin(Whole fruit)
Phenolic acid	Ellagic acid(Whole fruit)

Epidemiological Data

Traditional Practice	Diseases	Plant Part	Additional Knowledge
		Fruit	It has a potential therapeutic value to treat hyperglycemia in humans.^[14]

FSSAI Category

04.1.1

Forbidden Combination

NA

References

References 1 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2005.00031.x 2 . DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108999 3 . DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00587.x 4 . DOI: 10.1016/0091-7435(92)90057-O 5 . DOI: 10.1055/a-0633-9492 6 . DOI: 10.3390/nu13093283 7 . DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1733597 8 . DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-159 9 . DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.103978 10 . DOI: 10.9734/bpi/cacb/v5/8480D 11 . DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1183 12 . DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.01.036 13 . DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.10.017 14 . DOI: 10.7897/2277-4343.04418

CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India