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Citrus maxima

Summary

Pomelo is one of the largest fruits among all citrus fruits of the Rutaceae family and it is also very popularly known as the ancestor of grapefruit. This fruit has a red coloured, sweet and juicy pulp and the rind turns from green to yellow while turning ripe. The fruit possesses high nutritional and medicinal values due to the presence of abundant bioactive compounds comprising of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Coumarin present in the fruit exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting IL-1beta, PGE2 and TNF-alpha in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells without any toxicity. In ripe conditions, the bioactive compounds, limonene, terpinene, pinene and citral contents are reported to be found in higher concentrations than the others.

Mode of Consumption: Mostly consumed raw when ripe.
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.
Family: Rutaceae Juss.
Class: Magnoliopsida 
Order: Sapindales 
Genus: Citrus L.
Fruiting Season: July-September
Fruting Condition: Ripe
  • Southern plateau and Hills Region & East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • Eastern Himalayan Region
  • West Coast Plains and Ghat Region
  • Gujarat Region
  • Southern plateau and Hills Region & West Coast Plains and Ghat Region
  • East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • West Coast Plains and Ghat Region & East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • Lower Gangetic Plains Region

 Andhra Pradesh : Pamparapanasa
Assam : Chakotara, Robab Tenga
Goa : Toranda
Gujarat : Papanas
Karnataka : Cakota hannu
Kerala : Kampilinaranna
Maharashtra : Bampara, Cakotra, Papannasa
Manipur : Nobab
Mizoram : Kamalo, Sertawk
Nagaland : Huolo, Pfulo
Odisha : Batapi
Tamil Nadu : Metukku, Pampalimacu, Pommacu
West Bengal : Batabi Lebu, Cholanga, Jambura Lebu

Ripe Pomelo.


Unripe fruit.
Compound/Chemical Immunomodulatory Activity Pathway Immunomodulatory Marker
Methanolic acetate extract, Coumarin fractionAnti-inflammatory activityCoumarins of he fruit in in vitro analysis exhibited their action by inhibiting IL-1beta, PGE2 and TNF-alpha in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells without any toxicity at 5ug/ml concentration.IL-1beta, PGE2, TNF-alpha[1]
FlavonoidAntioxidant activityThe falvonoids specially works ase a scavenger of free radicals and exhibits all other types of immune responses or activities.[1]
Fruit juiceAntihyperlipidemic activityThe fruit juice of Citrus maxima is administered to decrease serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein)-cholesterol in STZ-induced diabetic rats.HDL-cholesterol[1]
Fruit juiceAntihyperlipidemic activityThe juice also increases plasma HDL levels and decreases the level of LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol.HDL and LDL cholesterol[1]
PolysaccharideAnti-inflammatory activityThe Polysaccharides of the fruit inhibits the activity of various inflammatory mediators such as IFN-alpha, IL-2 and IL-4.IFN-alpha, L-2, IL-4[1]
Major Class Metabolites
Lutein(), Zeaxanthin(), Lycopene(), Aurapte(Peel), Auraptene(Peel), 5-Geranyloxy-7-methoxy-coumarin(Peel), Roseoside(Peel), Bergamottin(Peel), Limolin(Seed), Nomilin (Seed)
Carotenoidα-carotene(Fruit), β-carotene(Fruit), β-cryptoxanthin()
FlavonoidHesperetin(Fruit), Naringenin(Fruit), Eriodictyol(Fruit), Nobiletin(Fruit), Tangeretin(Fruit), Sinensetin(Fruit), Diosmetin(Fruit), Luteolin(Fruit), Apigenin(Fruit), Neohesperidin(Fruit), Naringin(Fruit), Rutin(Fruit)
Traditional Practice Diseases Plant Part Additional Knowledge
04.1.1, 04.1.1.1
Incompatible with dairy products and other acidic fruits such as Grapes, Amla and Papaya etc.
CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India