Citrus × sinensis
Orange is primarily grown in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh Assam and Orissa. With 9.9 million tonnes India is the second largest producer of oranges in the world in 2022. It is generally harvested between December to April. Orange belongs to Rutaceae family and it is rich in flavonoids and organic acids like citric acid and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). Some of the major bioactive compounds include tangeretin, nobiletin, hesperidin, naringin and folic acid. Hesperidin is reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. It inhibits enzymes that regulate the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators which are responsible for activation of cells that cause inflammation. Naringin has been reported to exhibit anticarcinogenic by Inhibiting enzymes involved in cell activation. |
Plant Details | Agro-climatic Zone | Vernacular Names | Pictures |
Scientific Name: Citrus × sinensis (L.)Osbeck. Family: Rutaceae Juss. Class: Mangoliopsida Order: Sapindales Genus: Citrus L. Fruiting Season: December-April Fruting Condition: Ripe |
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Ripe fruits Tree with fruits. |
Compound/Chemical | Immunomodulatory Activity | Pathway | Immunomodulatory Marker |
Major Class | Metabolites |
Arylamine derivatives | 2,5-dimethylaniline(Flesh) |
Carotenoid | Beta carotene(Pulp) |
Coumarins derivatives | 2-coumarinate(Flesh) |
Enzymes | (-)-kaurene(Flesh) |
Flavonoid | Tangeretin(Pulp), Nobiletin (Pulp), Hesperidine(Pulp), Naringin(Pulp) |
Monoterpenoids | (-)-linalool(Flesh), (+)-alpha-phellandrene(Flesh), (E)-beta-ocimene(Flesh) |
Phenolic acid | Folic acid(Pulp) |
Vitamins | Vitamin A(Pulp), Vitamin C(Pulp) |
Traditional Practice | Diseases | Plant Part | Additional Knowledge |
Unani | Prurigo | Fruit | Counteracting both the harmful effects of UVR exposure and aging signs[5] |
CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India |