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Artocarpus heterophyllus

Jackfruit is a tropical dicotyledonous fruit, medium sized and oblong cylindrical in shape rising up to 22 to 90 cm. The weight of the fruit can vary between 2 to 20 kg. It belongs to the Moraceae family. The fruit is a rich source of high value compounds with great potential physiological activities. As reported, the fruit possesses the bioactive compounds such as ArtinM, Stillbenoids and Moracin C which have very good anti-inflammatory activity potentials. Stillbenoids helps to attenuate the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and on the other hand Moracin C helps to reduce the IL-1beta along with IL-6. Besides, it is rich in potassium, vitamin C, niacin and other phytonutrients such as lignans, isoflavones and saponins which are reported to have anticancer properties.

Mode of Consumption: The ripe fruit is consumed raw and also used to prepare certain beverages by fermentation and so on. The unripe matured fruit is consumed as a vegetable by cooking to prepare in varieties of recipes.

Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
Family: Moraceae  Gaudich
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rosales
Genus: Artocarpus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst
Fruiting Season: April-June
Fruting Condition: Ripe
  • Southern plateau and Hills Region & East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • Eastern Himalayan Region
  • Southern plateau and Hills Region & West Coast Plains and Ghat Region
  • West Coast Plains and Ghat Region
  • East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • West Coast Plains and Ghat Region & East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • Middle Gangetic Plains Region & Upper Gangetic Plains Region
  • Lower Gangetic Plains Region

Andhra Pradesh : Panas
Assam : Kothal
Karnataka : Halasinu hannu, Halasu
Kerala : Chakka, Chakka maram, Kottachakka
Maharashtra : Phanas
Manipur : Theibong
Mizoram : Lamkhuang
Odisha : Panas
Tamil Nadu : Palaa, Panas , Pila, Palaa
Uttar Pradesh : Kathal
West Bengal : Kathal

Tree with Fruits.


Whole Fruit.


Ripe Flesh placed on a Bowl.

Compound/Chemical Immunomodulatory Activity Pathway Immunomodulatory Marker
ArtinM in seedsArtinM helps in neutrophil activtaion which is triggered by bonding to N-glycans on Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and chemokine receptors (CXCR2).[5]
ArtinM in seedsIt activates mast cell degranulation induced by iteractions with N-glycans of FceR or N-glycans of immunoglobulins E-linked FceR[5]
StillebnoidsAnti-inflammatory activityIt attenuates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1beta.TNF-alpha and IL-1beta[7]
ArtinM in seedsAnti-inflammatory activityIt promotes interleukin-12 production which is timulated by recognition of N-linked glycans of the TLR2 ectodomain on the surface of macrophges and dendritic cells.IL-12[5]
Moracin CAnti-inflammatory activityIt reduces interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) of mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells by studied by RT-PCR.IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha[6]
Moracin CAntioxidant activityIt reduces LPS stimulated up-regulation of mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages.[6]
Moracin CAntioxidant activityIt reduces protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mRNA expression of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.Inhibition of NO[6]
Major Class Metabolites
ChalconeChalone(Whole fruit)
FlavonoidGallic acid(Seed), Gallic acid(Flesh), Isoflavone(Flesh), Morin(Flesh), Dihydromorin(Flesh), Artocarpin(Flesh), Isoartocarpin(Flesh), Cyloartocarpin(Flesh), Artocarpesin(Flesh), Oxydihydroartocarpesin(Flesh), Artocarpetin(Flesh), Norartocarpetin(Flesh), Artocarpanone(Flesh), Quercetin(Spine), Quercetin(Skin), Quercetin(Rind)
GlycosideSaponin(Flesh)
Phenolic acidBetulinic acid(Flesh), Heterophylol(Flesh)
PolyphenolLignans(Flesh)
StillbeneStillbene(Whole fruit)
TerpeneCycloartinone(Flesh)
VitaminAscorbic acid(Seed), Ascorbic acid(Flesh), Ascorbic acid(Flesh), Vitamin B6(Flesh), Niacin (Flesh)
XanthoneXanthone(Whole fruit)
Traditional Practice Diseases Plant Part Additional Knowledge
4.1, 04.1.1, 04.1.1.1, 04.1.1.3, 04.1.2.12, 04.1.2.2
Incompatible with Milk, Curd and cheese

CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India