Artocarpus heterophyllus
Jackfruit is a tropical dicotyledonous fruit, medium sized and oblong cylindrical in shape rising up to 22 to 90 cm. The weight of the fruit can vary between 2 to 20 kg. It belongs to the Moraceae family. The fruit is a rich source of high value compounds with great potential physiological activities. As reported, the fruit possesses the bioactive compounds such as ArtinM, Stillbenoids and Moracin C which have very good anti-inflammatory activity potentials. Stillbenoids helps to attenuate the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and on the other hand Moracin C helps to reduce the IL-1beta along with IL-6. Besides, it is rich in potassium, vitamin C, niacin and other phytonutrients such as lignans, isoflavones and saponins which are reported to have anticancer properties. |
Plant Details | Agro-climatic Zone | Vernacular Names | Pictures |
Scientific Name: Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Family: Moraceae Gaudich Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Genus: Artocarpus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst Fruiting Season: April-June Fruting Condition: Ripe |
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Andhra Pradesh : Panas Assam : Kothal Karnataka : Halasinu hannu, Halasu Kerala : Chakka, Chakka maram, Kottachakka Maharashtra : Phanas Manipur : Theibong Mizoram : Lamkhuang Odisha : Panas Tamil Nadu : Palaa, Panas , Pila, Palaa Uttar Pradesh : Kathal West Bengal : Kathal |
![]() Tree with Fruits. ![]() Whole Fruit. ![]() Ripe Flesh placed on a Bowl. |
Compound/Chemical | Immunomodulatory Activity | Pathway | Immunomodulatory Marker |
ArtinM in seeds | ArtinM helps in neutrophil activtaion which is triggered by bonding to N-glycans on Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and chemokine receptors (CXCR2). | [5] | |
ArtinM in seeds | It activates mast cell degranulation induced by iteractions with N-glycans of FceR or N-glycans of immunoglobulins E-linked FceR | [5] | |
Stillebnoids | Anti-inflammatory activity | It attenuates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1beta. | TNF-alpha and IL-1beta[7] |
ArtinM in seeds | Anti-inflammatory activity | It promotes interleukin-12 production which is timulated by recognition of N-linked glycans of the TLR2 ectodomain on the surface of macrophges and dendritic cells. | IL-12[5] |
Moracin C | Anti-inflammatory activity | It reduces interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) of mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells by studied by RT-PCR. | IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha[6] |
Moracin C | Antioxidant activity | It reduces LPS stimulated up-regulation of mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. | [6] |
Moracin C | Antioxidant activity | It reduces protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mRNA expression of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. | Inhibition of NO[6] |
Major Class | Metabolites |
Chalcone | Chalone(Whole fruit) |
Flavonoid | Gallic acid(Seed), Gallic acid(Flesh), Isoflavone(Flesh), Morin(Flesh), Dihydromorin(Flesh), Artocarpin(Flesh), Isoartocarpin(Flesh), Cyloartocarpin(Flesh), Artocarpesin(Flesh), Oxydihydroartocarpesin(Flesh), Artocarpetin(Flesh), Norartocarpetin(Flesh), Artocarpanone(Flesh), Quercetin(Spine), Quercetin(Skin), Quercetin(Rind) |
Glycoside | Saponin(Flesh) |
Phenolic acid | Betulinic acid(Flesh), Heterophylol(Flesh) |
Polyphenol | Lignans(Flesh) |
Stillbene | Stillbene(Whole fruit) |
Terpene | Cycloartinone(Flesh) |
Vitamin | Ascorbic acid(Seed), Ascorbic acid(Flesh), Ascorbic acid(Flesh), Vitamin B6(Flesh), Niacin (Flesh) |
Xanthone | Xanthone(Whole fruit) |
Traditional Practice | Diseases | Plant Part | Additional Knowledge |
4.1, 04.1.1, 04.1.1.1, 04.1.1.3, 04.1.2.12, 04.1.2.2 |
Incompatible with Milk, Curd and cheese |
CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India |