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Annona reticulata

Summary

Custard apple is an indigenous fruit found in some of the states of India. It belongs to the Annonaceae family. The fruit is of somewhat heart shaped has rough yellow colour and turns yellow on ripening. The fruit contains numerous amounts of Terpenoids such as Diterpenes, Pinene and many others which helps the body to regulate the mRNA expression of Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1 and again helps to up-regulate the Keapl mRNA expression and Nrf2 protein in organs like pancreas and kidney.

Mode of Consumption: Mostly consumed Raw, Used to prepare Juice, Jam, Dried fruits etc
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Annona reticulata L.
Family: Annonaceae Juss. Juss.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Magnoliales
Genus: Annona L.
Fruiting Season: July-September; February-April
Fruting Condition: Ripe
  • Eastern Himalayan Region
  • West Coast Plains and Ghat Region
  • Gujarat Region
  • East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • West Coast Plains and Ghat Region & East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • Lower Gangetic Plains Region

 Assam : Atlas
Goa : Anon
Gujarat : Ramphal
Maharashtra : Ramphal
Manipur : Sitaphal
Mizoram : Thei-chhung-phut
Odisha : Rampholo
Tamil Nadu : Aninuna, Ramchita
West Bengal : Nona

Whole Fruit.


Ripe fruit.


Immature fruit.
Compound/Chemical Immunomodulatory Activity Pathway Immunomodulatory Marker
Ethanolic extractAnti-inflammatory activityIt up-regulates the expression of NF-kbeta p65 and elevates the levels of NF-kbeta p65, IL-6 and IL-1beta.NF-kbeta, IL-6 and IL-1beta[3][5]
Ethanolic extractAntioxidant activityThe ethanolic extract induced the MDA levels and NO levels, they were significantly elevated associated with activities of SOD, CAT and GPx in pancreas, kidney and liver.MDA, NO reduction[3]
Ethanolic extractAnti-hyperglycemic activityThe extract results works as metformin by reducing the blood sugar concentrations, with a rise in insulin levels and improving the glucose tolerance, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and insulin sensitivity.[3][5]
Ethanolic extractAntioxidant activityThe fruit have resulted to show down-regulation of mRNA expression of Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1 and up-regulation in Keapl mRNA expression and Nrf2 protein in pancreas, kidney and liver.Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1[3]
Major Class Metabolites
AcetogeninSquamone(Seed), Solamin(Seed), Annomonicin(Seed), Rolliniastatin 2(-), Annoreticuin-9-one(Seed), Bistetrahydrofurone acetogenin(-), Bullatacin(Seed), Reticullacinone(-), Acetogenin neoannonin(-), Squamocin(Seed), Cis-/trans-isomurisolenin(Seed), Annoreticuin(Seed), Cis-/trans-bullatacinone(Seed), Isoannonareticin(Seed)
Alkaloid17-dihydro-(–)-kauran-19-oate(-), Norushinsunine(-), Reticuline(-), Cycloreticulin A(Seed), Cycloreticulin B(Seed)
CaretenoidBeta-carotene(Fruit)
FlavonoidRutin(-)
HydrocarbonGermacrene D(Seed), Germacrene D(Fruit)
MonoterpeneMyrcene(Fruit), Limonene(Fruit)
TerpeneDiterpenes(-), Copaene(-), Patchoulane (-), 1H-cycloprop (e) azulene(-), Spathenelol(-), Eudesmol(-), Alpha-pinene(Seed), Alpha-pinene(Fruit), Beta-pinene(Seed), Beta-pinene(Fruit), Pinene(Fruit)
TerpenoidAnnonaretin A(), Kau-16-en-19-oic acid(-)
TerpineolTerpinen-4-ol(Fruit)
VitaminAscorbic acid(Fruit)
Traditional Practice Diseases Plant Part Additional Knowledge
FruitConsumption of pineapple juice significantly increased the systemic exposure and bioavailability of celecoxib and montelukast without causing any adverse effects.[6]
4.1, 04.1.1, 04.1.1.1
Incompatible with Milk and Yogurt
CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India