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Aegle marmelos

Summary

Bael is a fruit of the Rutaceae family, and is widely famous for its high nutrient value, traditional medicinal usage and many other pharmacological properties. The pulp of the fruit comprises of fibers, carotenoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids. Marmelin is a bioactive compound which has anti-inflammatory potential by helping in the reduction of Interleukin-8 marker in the body. Besides, the fruit has very high anti-inflammatory activity potential by effecting the bio markers IL-4, TNF-alpha and IL-6.

Mode of Consumption: Mostly consumed Raw, Used to prepare Juice, Jam etc
Plant Details Agro-climatic Zone Vernacular Names Pictures
Scientific Name: Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa
Family: Rutaceae Juss. Juss.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Sapindales
Genus: Aegle Corrêa
Fruiting Season: February-April
Fruting Condition: Ripe
  • Southern plateau and Hills Region & East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • Eastern Himalayan Region
  • Gujarat Region
  • North-Western Mountain Region
  • Southern plateau and Hills Region & West Coast Plains and Ghat Region
  • West Coast Plains and Ghat Region
  • East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • West Coast Plains and Ghat Region & East Coast Plains and Hills Region
  • Middle Gangetic Plains Region & Upper Gangetic Plains Region
  • Lower Gangetic Plains Region

 Andhra Pradesh : Maredu
Assam : Bael
Gujarat : Bili , Bilivaohal
Himachal Pradesh : Bil
Karnataka : Bilvapatre
Kerala : Koolakam, Kuvalum
Maharashtra : Bel
Odisha : Belo
Tamil Nadu : Bilva Pandu, Vilva marum
Uttar Pradesh : Bael
West Bengal : Bael

Whole ripe fruit.


Tree with fruitts.


Whole plant.
Compound/Chemical Immunomodulatory Activity Pathway Immunomodulatory Marker
MarmelinAnti-inflammatory activityMarmelin in the fruit extract of the fruit helps in the reduction of IL-8.IL-8[9]
Ethanolic extractAnti-inflammatory activityThe ethanolic extract of the fruit was seen to significantly show reduction in TNF-alpha serum biomarker, Makondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glucose levels.TNF-alpha, MDA[7]
Fruit extractAnti-inflammatory activityThe fruit extract in in vivo analysis showed that it helps to decrease monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) activity and IL-6 level.IL-6, MAO-A[4][8]
LI3109F herbal formulationAnti-inflammatory activityThe herbal formulation LI3109F increases in serum IFN-gamma and reduces IL-4, infiltrated granulocyte population in the bronco-alveolar lavage fluid and normalized Th1/Th2 cytokine balance.IL-4, IFN-gamma[5]
Major Class Metabolites
-Marmelide(Fruit)
AlkaloidMarmesiline (Fruit), Shahidine(Fruit)
CarotenoidAlpha-carotene(Fruit), Beta-carotene(Fruit), Gamma-carotene(Fruit), Delta-carotene(Fruit)
CoumarinLuvangetin(Fruit), Aurapten(Fruit), Psoralen(Fruit)
FlavonoidRutin (Fruit), Kaempferol (Fruit), Quercetin(Fruit)
Phenolic acidGallic acid(Fruit), 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid(Fruit), Chlorogenic acid(Fruit), p-coumaric acid(Fruit), vanillic acid(Fruit)
TanninTannin(Fruit)
Traditional Practice Diseases Plant Part Additional Knowledge
SiddhaVomiting ,Polydipsia LeafControl type 2 diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress[10]
4.1, 04.1.1, 04.1.1.1, 04.1.2.8
Incompatible with Milk and Yogurt
CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-6, Assam, India
CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-61,Himachal Pradesh, India